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Building a Global Ocean Profile Database

Building a Global Ocean Profile Database. GSOP Quality Control Workshop June 12, 2013. Outline. The size and shape of a global ocean profile database Data Archeology and Rescue Data flow into a global ocean profile database. World Ocean Database (WOD).

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Building a Global Ocean Profile Database

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  1. Building a Global Ocean Profile Database GSOP Quality Control Workshop June 12, 2013

  2. Outline • The size and shape of a global ocean profile database • Data Archeology and Rescue • Data flow into a global ocean profile database

  3. World Ocean Database (WOD) A quality controlled collection of ocean profiles, plankton tow , and ship-based surface measurements from 1772-present.

  4. Instrument types in WOD Variables in WOD • 1) temperature • 2) salinity • 3) oxygen • 4) phosphate • 5) nitrate • 6) nitrate + nitrite • 6) silicate • 5) chlorophyll • 6) pH • 7) alkalinity • 8) pCO2 • 9) TCO2 • Plankton • 11) CFCs 11, 12, and 113 • 12) Tritium • 13) Helium (noble gas) • 14) ΔHe-3 (isotope) • 15) ΔC-13 (isotope) • 16) ΔC-14 (isotope) • 17) Argon (noble gas) • 18) Neon (noble gas) • 19) O-18 (isotope) • 20) Beam Attenuation Coefficient (transmissivity) 1) Station Data (bottles, thermometers) 2) CTD 3) XBT 4) MBT 5) Towed CTD 6) Profiling Floats 7) Drifting buoy (thermistor chains) 8) Moored buoy (e.g., TAO, PIRATA TRITON) 9) Autonomous Pinniped (instrumented elephant seals) 10) Gliders Blue: Quality control beyond automatic checks

  5. Growth of the World Ocean Database

  6. WOD by Instrument Type

  7. Temperature Data During Peek of Different Observing Systems 1934 : Nansen Cast Red=Nansen Cast /CTD[1890s/1964] Light Blue=MBT [1939] Dark Blue=XBT [1967] Green=Argo float [2001] Orange=Tropical buoy [1984]

  8. Temperature Data During Peak of Different Observing Systems 1934 : Nansen Cast 1960 : MBT Red=Nansen Cast /CTD[1890s/1964] Light Blue=MBT [1939] Dark Blue=XBT [1967] Green=Argo float [2001] Orange=Tropical buoy [1984]

  9. Temperature Data During Peak of Different Observing Systems 1934 : Nansen Cast 1960 : MBT 1985 : XBT Red=Nansen Cast /CTD[1890s/1964] Light Blue=MBT [1939] Dark Blue=XBT [1967] Green=Argo float [2001] Orange=Tropical buoy [1984]

  10. Temperature Data During Peak of Different Observing Systems 1934 : Nansen Cast 1960 : MBT 1985 : XBT Red=Nansen Cast /CTD[1890s/1964] Light Blue=MBT [1939] Dark Blue=XBT [1967] Green=Argo float [2001] Orange=Tropical buoy [1984] 2009 : Argo

  11. Measurements vs. Depth WOD05 Measurements (X105) Measurements (X104) Silicate Chlorophyll

  12. Measurements vs. Depth WOD13 Measurements (X105) Measurements (X104) Depth (m) Depth (m)

  13. World Ocean Database • Contains contributions from national data centers, universities, special projects, fisheries, navies, government agencies, individual scientists, merchant ships etc. • Data found on internet, index cards, glass slides, outdated computer media, published cruise reports, etc. • Original data must be accessible in the NODC archive/permission must be obtained for all data

  14. Data from universities, fisheries Left: Bottle data from Hokkaido University (Japan) (1962-1994) Right: Temperature Data from US National Marine Fisheries (1964-1997)

  15. Data from international projects Left: GEOSECS bottle and CTD data (1972-1979) Right: WOCE CTD data (1990-1998)

  16. Data Archeology and Rescue Cruise Reports found: Red/Yellow: Library of University of Tromso, Norway Blue: Public Library, St. Petersburg, Russia Green: Public Library, New York City, USA (in part)

  17. Are there still data to be rescued? In a letter dated 11 May, 1990 from Lawrence Hall (Director of Ocean Programs, Sippican Inc.) to Greg Withee (director US NODC), it was noted that Sippican had manufactured > 4 million XBTs to date. In the World Ocean Database, there are 1.3 million XBT profiles which are from drops prior to the end of 1990.

  18. Are there still data to be rescued? WOD09: 7,955 bottle/CTD casts in the Sea of Okhotsk WOD13: 14,264 bottle/CTD casts in the Sea of Okhotsk 6,309 casts added, mostly from the Russian Far East Institute Years for which data were added: 1907-1990

  19. Are there still data to be rescued? Gap 1960-1986 Gap 1930-1940 Figure 1 1939 NODC database 1939 observations Data in the Barent Sea: Available in WOD vs. known observations [Figures courtesy of Igor Smolyar.] Source: Proceedings of the Polar Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography from the 1950s-1960s.

  20. NODC Information Stream (Profile Data) Quarterly Updates of WOD Not Always Publicly Accessible NODC Permanent Archive [non-uniform Format] Delayed Mode Data World Ocean Database Additional QC Uniform format Data quality information Near Real-Time Availability GTSPP Argo/Coriolis Buoys PMEL/JAM

  21. Argo data 2012: 132,244 profiles [Coriolis GDAC]

  22. Tropical Moored Buoy Arrays TAO/TRITON – PIRATA – RAMA 33,012 daily means [PMEL]

  23. Near-real time data from GTSPP: 2012 Green – XBT (14,775 casts) Red – CTD (12,549 casts) Blue - Pinniped (21,567 dives) Turquoise – Glider (7,430 half cycles)

  24. Delayed-mode data for 2012 to date: 14,677 profiles Red: CCHDO – 164 CTDs Green: ICES – 7,254 CTD/bottle Black: TAO CTD – 59 CTDs Orange: SISMER (France) – 194 CTDs Blue [Atlantic/Medit]: AOML – 386 XBTs Blue [Pacific/Indian]: CSIRO – 162 CTDs Magenta: ISDM (Canada) – 181 CTDs Turquoise: CalCOFI – 75 CTDs Grey: WHOI Ice Buoy – 6,202 cycles

  25. Examples of Delayed-mode data Updates to WOD ICES CCHDO Blue – Quarterly Orange- Yearly Green - Irregular WHOI Ice Tethered Buoys TAO maintenance cruises CalCOFI World Ocean Database Quarterly Updates NOAA Northeast Fisheries Japan Ocean Data Center INIDEP (Argentina) CSIRO Line W

  26. Example of already aggregated data passed to WOD HOT WOCE BATS CLIVAR CDIAC CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office (CCHDO) GO-SHIP CARINA Other PACIFICA OceanSITES

  27. OCL/NODC Science and Data Community MAKE DATA AVAILABLE Convert Data to Common Format/Initial Quality Control Calculate Climatologies Secondary Quality Control Release Database With Quality Control Flags Scientific Research Post-release Quality Control Monthly database updates Publish Results FEEDBACK LOOP

  28. Data Dissemination: Yearly by instrument Geographically by instrument WODselect All updated quarterly Format: Native WOD format (compact ASCII) with conversion routines netCDF -> feeds into NODC Geoportal/THREDDS server Working now on subset dissemination through Geoportal

  29. Relevant to Workshop • Always more historical/recent data – are we setting up a framework for continued quality control or working with a static historical database? • If continuous, at which stage of the data flow do we insert ourselves and in what manner? • What data sets are we dealing with – how do we handle each data set (pinniped? moored buoy?) • Is the WOD a proper vessel for this project, or is a different system necessary? • How will data be disseminated?

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