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FIREFIGHTER SURVIVAL

FIREFIGHTER SURVIVAL. Self Rescue. “In order for a firefighter to survive the dangers of fire fighting, he must know how other firefighters have died or been seriously injured.” Chief Dunn, FDNY. Bottle On….Pass On. Firefighter Fatalities in the United States. Bottle On….Pass On.

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FIREFIGHTER SURVIVAL

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  1. FIREFIGHTER SURVIVAL Self Rescue

  2. “In order for a firefighter to survive the dangers of fire fighting, he must know how other firefighters have died or been seriously injured.”Chief Dunn, FDNY Bottle On….Pass On

  3. Firefighter Fatalities in the United States Bottle On….Pass On

  4. Fatalities by Type of Duty Fatalities by Type of Duty Bottle On….Pass On

  5. Cause of Fatal Injury Bottle On….Pass On

  6. Fatalities by Fixed Property Use Bottle On….Pass On

  7. Case Studies • Memphis, TN • Biloxi, MI • Chesapeake, VA • Washington, D.C. Bottle On….Pass On

  8. Memphis, TN • 2 Firefighters Killed • Problems: • Accountability • Entrapment (Entanglement) • Equipment • Flashover Bottle On….Pass On

  9. Biloxi, MI • 2 Firefighters Killed • Problems: • Accountability • Flashover • Freelancing • No Use of P.A.S.S. Device Bottle On….Pass On

  10. Chesapeake, VA • 2 Firefighters Killed • Problems: • Accountability • Trapped (Collapse) Bottle On….Pass On

  11. Washington, D.C. • 1 Firefighter Killed • Problems: • Accountability • Freelancing • Equipment (malfunctioning radio) Bottle On….Pass On

  12. ObjectiveProvide personnel with information related to: • Fireground Awareness • Personal Equipment • Self-Rescue Techniques Bottle On….Pass On

  13. Fireground Awareness • Building Construction • Flashover • Accountability Bottle On….Pass On

  14. Building Construction • Size-up - First step toward avoiding repeat tragedies • Need to be knowledgeable of construction features Bottle On….Pass On

  15. 24.5% of Firefighter Deaths in 1997 Resulted From? Becoming Trapped! • Bars on Windows • Locked Doors • Building Collapse - Expect the Unexpected Bottle On….Pass On

  16. Flashover • Accounted for 5.3% of Firefighter Deaths in 1997 • Flashover Temperature - 2000°F • PBI Affected - 1200°F • Nomex Breaks Down - 750°F • Skin Burns - 124°F Bottle On….Pass On

  17. Flashover Survival Tactics • Understanding Fire Behavior • Quick Recognition of Potential Flashover Conditions • Rapid, Immediate Escape • Adequate Ventilation - Generally Increases Survival Odds • WATER KILLS FLASHOVER!! Bottle On….Pass On

  18. Accountability • Proper Use of P.A.R.S. • No Freelancing • What is my objective? • Where am I suppose to be located? • Who am I working for? • 25% of Firefighter Fatalities Due to a lack of Accountability Bottle On….Pass On

  19. Personal Equipment • Proper Wearing of PPE • Other Essential Equipment • P.A.S.S. • Of the Firefighter Fatalities in 1995, 78% had P.A.S.S Devices Which Were Not Turned On! Bottle On….Pass On

  20. Warning:The self-rescue techniques that will be discussed and demonstrated are to be only used during actual fire incidents, in which firefighters are placed in an imminent life-threatening situation. Bottle On….Pass On

  21. Self-Rescue Techniques • Disentanglement • Front • Back • Wire Cut • Ladder Slide • Hose Slide • Hang and Drop • Drywall Breach Bottle On….Pass On

  22. CREDITSThe information for this presentation wascompiled from the following sources:“MAYDAY” Firefighter Down (Draft Program),VA Department of Fire ProgramsEssentials of Safety and Survival Techniques,Montgomery County (MD) Fire and RescueSaving Our Own - Techniques for Firefighter Rescue,Illinois Fire Service InstituteUSFA Bottle On….Pass On

  23. FIREFIGHTER SURVIVAL Rescuing The Downed Firefighter

  24. “In order for a firefighter to survive the dangers of fire fighting, he must know how other firefighters have died or been seriously injured.”Chief Dunn, FDNY Bottle On….Pass On

  25. Firefighter Fatalities in the United States Bottle On….Pass On

  26. Other 10% Training 13% FG Ops 47% Non-Fire Ops 15% Fatalities by Type of Duty Fatalities by Type of Duty Responding/ Returning 15% Bottle On….Pass On

  27. Cause of Fatal Injury Bottle On….Pass On

  28. Fatalities by Fixed Property Use Outdoor 17% Bottle On….Pass On

  29. Case Studies

  30. Denver, Colorado Engineer Mark Langvardt Firefighter died trying to exit building • High heat, low visibility • 20” x 36” window,high windowsill • 28” wide storage room Bottle On….Pass On

  31. Columbus, Ohio Firefighter John Nance Firefighter fell through hole in floor • FF fell through hole in floor • No PASS activation • No light Bottle On….Pass On

  32. Los Angeles, California Captain Joseph Dupee Fire captain separated from his crew • Became disoriented • Exit route cut off by collapse • Ran out of air Bottle On….Pass On

  33. Objective • Provide personnel with information related to: • Two In Two Out • Rapid Intervention • Rescuing the Downed Firefighter • SCBA Bottle On….Pass On

  34. TWO IN...TWO OUT • Association Procedure 5.5.3- • Personnel Deployment During the Initial Stages of Interior Structural Firefighting and IDLH Incident • Mandated by OSHA • Recommended by NFPA 1500

  35. Two In...Two Out Possible exceptions by occupancy; Residential: In the absence of a report from a responsible person on the scene that everyone is out of the residence, it can be assumed that a life hazard exists or is probable, until the primary search has been completed.

  36. Two In…Two Out Commercial: Size up Type of occupancy Time of day Day of week Reports from people on the scene Signs that someone may be in the building Bottle On….Pass On

  37. Two In…Two Out Vacant or Abandoned Buildings: In the absence of clear signs or a report from a responsible person on the scene that people are in the structure, it is to be assumed that no life hazard exists and the interior attack shall not be initiated until four persons arrive on the scene. Bottle On….Pass On

  38. RAPID INTERVENTION • Association Procedure 5.5.2 Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) • Recommended by NFPA 1500 • Mandated by OSHA Bottle On….Pass On

  39. RIT STAGING • Stage close to the command post. • Stage two floors below fire floor on high rise buildings. RIT attack line should be connected two floors below. • Large buildings may require more than one RIT in different locations. • Don’t get involved in operations that will delay your response.

  40. RIT STRATEGY Obtain a good size-up Identify all possible entry and exit locations Stage equipment Observe fire conditions and monitor radio traffic Don’t overload the team with equipment. The goal is to be RAPID.

  41. RIT TOOLS Personal Equipment- PPE/Radio/Light/Scba/Pass /Tools Wire cutters Rope Spare Scba Saw Pike pole Webbing High rise pack Irons Cordless Power tools Spanner Door chocks EMS equip Bottle On….Pass On

  42. RAPID INTERVENTION CHECK SHEET Size-up 1. Building dimensions- l x w x h 2. Occupancy- residential, commercial, or vacant 3. Construction type - ordinary, LWC or fire resistive 4. Entrance/Egress- bars, screens, gates Bottle On….Pass On

  43. RAPID INTERVENTION CHECK SHEET Tactics 1. Offensive, Defensive, Offensive to Defensive 2. Command Operations ( Command, accountability) 3. Deployment of people 4. Knowledge of Truck Company Operations 5. Fireground operation time versus progress

  44. RAPID INTERVENTION CHECK SHEET Equipment Stage equipment based on construction type: Fire resistive metal cutting saws chain saws air bags hydraulic tools (in addition to the ordinary list) Ordinary axe/pikepole haligan/sledge rope/ladders spare scba hoseline

  45. SCBA Practicals Low profile Quick fill Hot bottle change Packexchange Bottle On….Pass On

  46. Practicals Victim drags Stair carries Denver Drill Ohio Drill

  47. CREDITSThe information for this presentation wascompiled from the following sources:“MAYDAY” Firefighter Down (Draft Program),VA Department of Fire ProgramsEssentials of Safety and Survival Techniques,Montgomery County (MD) Fire and RescueSaving Our Own - Techniques for Firefighter Rescue,Illinois Fire Service InstituteFire EngineeringAmerican HeatUSFA

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