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ENERGY & POWER

ENERGY & POWER. Part 1 The Nature of Energy. What is Energy?. The ability to do work or cause change is called energy. OK…but what’s work? Work is done when a force moves an object through a distance. TYPES OF ENERGY. The two types of energy are KINETIC & POTENTIAL.

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ENERGY & POWER

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  1. ENERGY & POWER Part 1 The Nature of Energy

  2. What is Energy? • The ability to do work or cause change is called energy. • OK…but what’s work? • Work is done when a force moves an object through a distance.

  3. TYPES OF ENERGY • The two types of energy are KINETIC & POTENTIAL. • What type you have depends on whether an object is moving or not.

  4. KINETIC ENERGY • The energy of motion is called kinetic energy. I can’t swim!

  5. What Affects Kinetic Energy? • K.E. depends on an objects mass and its velocity. THINK: Which ball would you have to push harder to get rolling? Once rolling the bowling ball would have more kinetic energy than a golf ball rolling at the same velocity.

  6. CALCULATING KINETIC ENERGY • KINETIC ENERGY = MASS x VELOCITY2 2 Sometimes written (1/2)mv2 NOTICE: Changing the velocity of an object will have a greater effect on its kinetic energy than changing its mass. Why?

  7. WHAT ARE THE UNITS? • KINETIC ENERGY = MASS x VELOCITY2 2 K.E. = kg x m2 s2 instead of saying all that we use the Joule!

  8. SAMPLE PROBLEM • FIND THE K.E. A 10 kg wagon moving at 5 m/s • KINETIC ENERGY = MASS x VELOCITY2 2 10 x (5)2 divided by 2 10 x 25 divided by 2 250 divided by 2 125… what were those units? kg.m2/s2 or JOULES

  9. POTENTIAL ENERGY • Potential Energy is energy that is stored and ready to use.

  10. TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY • ELASTIC –the energy of an object that is stretched or compressed

  11. GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY • Potential Energy That Depends on Height • G.P.E. = Weight (measured in Newtons) x Height (measured in meters) So..the units are NxM? YUP! Guess what? A NewtonMeter equals… A JOULE!!!

  12. Uh…Wait a second. • What if I don’t know an objects weight in Newtons? • EASY: just multiply it’s mass (in Kg) times the acceleration caused by gravity (9.8m/s2) Example: An object with a mass of 10kg would weigh how many newtons? RIGHT! 98 Newtons!

  13. Gravitational Potential Changing to Kinetic.

  14. G.P.E. Sample Problem • A hiker weighing 680 Newtons climbs up a hill 40 meters high. How many Joules of G.P.E. has the hiker gained? G.P.E. = Weight x Height 680N x 40m= 27,200 Nm -OR- 27,200 Joules!

  15. DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY • MECHANICAL • THERMAL • CHEMICAL • ELECTRICAL • ELECTROMAGNETIC • NUCLEAR

  16. MECHANICAL • The energy associated with motion or position of an object. All kinetic AND potential energy is mechanical.

  17. THERMAL • The TOTAL energy of the particles in an object (kinetic + potential).

  18. CHEMICAL • The potential energy stored in chemical bonds that hold compounds together.

  19. ELECTRICAL • The energy of moving electric charges.

  20. ELECTROMAGNETIC • Energy That Travels in Waves.

  21. NUCLEAR • A type of potential energy • Stored in the nucleus of the atom • Released during nuclear reactions

  22. Part 1 Check for Understanding • Are energy and work the same thing? Explain. • How are kinetic and potential energy different? • List the forms of energy and give an example of each. • A boulder the weighs 200N is sitting at the edge of a 100m cliff. What is its GPE?

  23. Work and energy are not the same thing, even though they are measured in the same units. Energy is the ability to do work. As work is done, energy is transferred from one object to another.

  24. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Potential energy is stored energy; it has the potential to do work.

  25. Mechanical – riding a bike • Thermal – hot water • Chemical – food • Electrical – batteries • Electromagnetic – TV Remote • Nuclear – fusion in a star

  26. GPE = Weight x Height • GPE = 200 N x 100 m = 20,000 J

  27. ENERGY & POWER Part 2 Energy Conversion & Conservation

  28. Part 2 Check for Understanding • What is energy conversion? • State the law of conversion of energy in your own words. • Describe the energy conversion that occurs when a ball is dropped and bounces back up. Why does it bounce a little lower each time? • A roller coaster car with a mass of 500kg is at the top of a hill that is 30 m high. Without friction what would it KE be as it reached the bottom of the hill?

  29. ENERGY & POWER Part 3 Energy Conversions & Fossil Fuels

  30. Part 3 Check for Understanding • How is the chemical energy in fossil fuels related to the sun’s energy? • How is the energy of coal released? • Describe the energy conversions involved in the formation of coal. • What general statement can you make about the supply of fossil fuels? (Hint: think about how they form).

  31. ENERGY & POWER Part 4 Power

  32. Part 4 Check for understanding • State the formula for calculating power. • How are power and energy related? • Find the work you do when you exert a force of 40N to run a distance of 18m in 4 seconds. Now find the power you used. • The motor of an electric fan converts 24,000 J of electric energy every 60 sec. What is the power of the fan’s motor?

  33. ENERGY exists as is the ability to do measured in KINETIC ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY JOULES WORK which at a given rate is can be POWER ELASTIC GRAVITATIONAL

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