Virginia vs. New England

1. Please take out your class notes from last class and the quiz “preview” map. Take the first 5 minutes of class to complete the group warm-up with your table team and review the quiz “preview.” If you have any homework completed, turn it in to the box. We will: *take our first quiz *describe characteristics of the Jamestown and Puritan colonists *evaluate how the Virginia and New England colonies have shaped American society Virginia vs. New England

2. European Empires in the New World

3. Two Models of European-Native American Relations:Spanish Brutality vs. French Amity Above: The French treated Native Americans as equals and benefitted from their cooperation in the lucrative fur trade. Left: How would the English treat them? Above: The Spanish developed a reputation for treating Native Americans so poorly that their actions gave rise to the “Black Legend.”

4. Quiz #1: U.S. Geography & Ch. 1 Please clear the table except for a #2 pencil. Write your name on both the quiz and Scantronform. You can mark on the quiz itself but make sure all answers are bubbled in on the Scantron. You have 20 minutes to complete the quiz. When you are finished, please bring the quiz and Scantron to the cart up front and I will give you a folder. Take a textbook from our class set along the wall and begin working on the assignment sheet in the folder.

5. Virginia vs.New EnglandEngland Plants Colonies in the New World

6. England Takes Interest in the New World • By the 1580s, England’s Queen Elizabeth I (pictured left) sought to plant colonies in the New World to challenge the might of her enemy, Spain • England’s victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588 and raids on Spanish galleons by “sea dogs” (such as Sir Walter Raleigh) enhanced England’s power and freedom to colonize • The first effort to plant a colony at Roanoke Island in 1587 (in what is now North Carolina) failed – the “Lost Colony”had vanished by 1590

7. The Founding of Jamestown • The Virginia Company, a joint-stock company funded by merchants, financed an expedition in 1607 to establish an English colony • Jamestown, named after King James I, became the first permanent English settlement in what is now the U.S. • The colonists named the land Virginia in honor of Queen Elizabeth I, the “Virgin Queen” Above: The seal of the Virginia Company; Below: a depiction of Jamestown as it would have appeared in 1607

8. Puritans Arrive in the New World • English Puritans sought to escape religious persecution at home by making a new life in the New World • The first Pilgrims originally sought to settle in Virginia but were blown off course and established the Plymouth colony in 1620 • Another group of Puritans arrived by 1630and founded Massachusetts Bay colony at Boston; the region became known as New England

9. Motives & Leaders: Virginia First Charter of the Virginia Company (1606) I JAMES, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. WHEREAS our loving and well-disposed Subjects, Sir Thomas Gates, and Sir George Somers, Knights, Richard Hackluit,Prebendary of Westminster, and Edward-Maria Wingfield, Thomas Hanham, and Ralegh Gilbert,Esqrs. William Parker, and George Popham, Gentlemen, and divers others of our loving Subjects, have been humble Suitors unto us, that We would vouchsafe unto them our Licence, to make Habitation, Plantation, and to deduce a Colony of sundry of our People into that Part of America, commonly called VIRGINIA, and other Parts and Territories in America, … http://www.bartleby.com/43/5.html *established for the purpose of making money for the investors in the Virginia Company, including King James *the colony’s leaders were originally a council of “gentlemen” *John Smith (pictured above), a soldier and adventurer, ended up taking control of the colony to save it from collapse

10. Motives & Leaders: New England John Winthrop’s “A Model of Christian Charity” (1630) Now the only way to avoid this shipwreck and to provide for our posterity is to … do Justly, to love mercy, to walk humbly with our God, for this end, we must be knit together in this work as one man, we must entertain each other in brotherly Affection, … we must delight in each other, make others Conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labour, and suffer together, always having before our eyes our Commission and Community in the work, … so shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace, the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell among us, … for we must Consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us; … http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3918 *Puritan religious leaders, such as John Winthrop, sought to establish communities of faith *the central purpose was to live according to religious principles apart from the sinfulness of the Old World *New England colonies sought to be “a light to the world”

11. Colonists: Virginia & New England *Jamestown settled mostly by men at first *mostly young indentured servants *took an oath of allegiance to the King and the Anglican Church *focused on making money *New England Puritans arrived with family units, including women and children *often came from the same communities in England *focused on faith and family

12. Early Challenges: Virginia Pictured Left: Reconstruction of “Jane” - a Jamestown woman whose body was eaten by her fellow colonists John Smith’s The GenerallHistorie of Virginia… (1624) Nay, so great was our famine, that a Savage we slew, and buried, the poorer sort took him up again and eat him, and so did divers one another boiled and stewed with roots and herbs: And one amongst the rest did kill his wife, powdered her, and had eaten part of her before it was known, for which he was executed, as he well deserved; now whether she was better roasted, boiled or carbonado’d, I know not, but of such a dish as powdered wife I never heard of. This was that time, which still to this day we called the starving time; it were too vile to say, and scarce to be believed, what we endured… http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6593 *Jamestown barely survived after Smith’s forced departure due to an accident in 1609 *The colony resorted to cannibalism to survive during the “Starving Time” of 1609-10

13. Early Challenges: New England *Only about half of the Pilgrims who arrived on the overcrowded Mayflower in December 1620 survived the first winter *Pilgrims referred to this event as the “general sickness”

14. Relations with Native Americans: Virginia Left: 1616 engraving depicting Pocahontas; Below Right: WRONG! Below: engraving depicting the massacre of English colonists by the Powhatan in 1622 *John Smith secured trade with the Powhatan tribe but also kept a wary eye on them *According to Smith, he was spared execution at the hands of the Powhatan thanks to the intervention of the chief’s favorite daughter, Pocahontas *Pocahontas later married John Rolfe and moved to England, where she died *In 1622, the Powhatan attacked Virginia settlements, wiping out a quarter of all colonists

15. Relations with Native Americans: New England Pilgrim Treaty with Chief Massasoit (1621) 1.  That neither he nor any of his should injure or do hurt to any of our people. 2.  And if any of his did hurt to any of ours, he should send the offender, that we might punish him… 4.  If any did unjustly war against him, we would aid him; if any did war against us, he should aid us… 6.  That when their men came to us, they should leave their bows and arrows behind them, as we should do our pieces when we came to them. http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/pdf/Text_Treaty_with_Massasoit.pdf Image of the “First Thanksgiving” painted in 1914 *The Pilgrims benefitted from positive contacts with the Wampanoag tribe – signed a treaty in 1621 *Shared the first “thanksgiving” feast with Massasoit’s people *Puritans later sought to convert Native Americans and destroyed Native American opposition at great cost in the Pequot War (1630s) and King Philip’s War (1670s)

16. Political Institutions: Virginia Proceedings of the Virginia Assembly, 1619 Captain William Powell presented a petition to the general Assembly against one Thomas Garnett, a servant of his, not only for extreme neglect of his business to the great loss and prejudice of the said Captain, and for openly and impudently abusing his house, in sight both of Master and Mistress, through wantonness with a woman servant of theirs, a widow, but also for falsely accusing him to the Governor both of Drunkenness and Theft, and besides for bringing all his fellow servants to testify on his side, wherein they justly failed him. It was thought fit by the general assembly (the Governor himself giving sentence), that he should stand four days with his ears nailed to the Pillory, viz: Wednesday, Aug. 4th, and so likewise Thursday, friday, and Saturday next following, and every of those days should be publicly whipped. House of Burgesses created in 1619 as the first representative assembly in the New World; advised the colony’s governor Still exists today as the Virginia Assembly

17. Political Institutions: New England Mayflower Compact of 1620 was the first instrument of self-government in the New World Puritan communities effectively governed themselves through town meetings

18. Society & Economy: Virginia John Rolfe introduced tobacco growing in 1612 and it became the basis of Virginia’s cash crop economy 1619 – first slaves arrived and increasingly replaced indentured servants Virginia society became very hierarchical Above: first African slaves arrive at Jamestown in 1619 aboard a Dutch ship

19. Society & Economy: New England Above: Photo of Plimouth Plantation, a living history museum in Massachusetts Above: Interior of a New England meeting house *Puritans lived according to the Bible *stressed education and community participation *valued social and economic equality *believed in hard work and devotion to God and family *worked small farms and fished

20. Before we leave… • Consider how Virginia and New England helped to shape American society • Remember to complete Homework 3 for next class • Leave all visuals/articles in the folders on the table • Keep your class notes in your binder