INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

1. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Email: masood.iihe@gmail.com Facebook: masoodahmed.iihe URL: www.emasood.yolasite.com

2. Recommended Books (1) “Information Technology in Business Principles, Practices and Opportunities”   Second Edition By James A. Senn (2) “Management Information System for the Information Age” 4th Edition By HAAG/CUMMINGS/ MCCUBBERY

3. Timeline of Technology Evolution 1st Wave: Agricultural Age 2nd Wave: Industrial Age 3rd Wave: Information Age Human history has been shaped by three dynamic advances or waves of transformation. ? 2011 8,000 B.C. 1750 1955

4. Agricultural Age Agricultural Age • Agricultural Age begins around 8,000 B.C. and runs through the mid-1700s. • This wave is characterized by • trade and basic training-based education, • daily life and traditions organized around the seasons • simple technology with tools made from stone or metal, wood were made from natural materials. 2011 ? 8,000 B.C. 1750 1955

5. Complex machines evolving from simple machines Pulley Lever

6. Beginning of the industrial revolution 1712 - Steam Engine 1733 - Flying Shuttle, Automation of Textile The automation of making textiles (fabrics, clothing, etc) marked the beginning of the industrial revolution. The first steamengine on top of a water filled mine shaft and used it to pump water out of the mine.

7. Industrial Age The Industrial Age • The Industrial Age occurs between 1750 and 1950, continuing through to the mid-1950s. This age is characterized by • People leaving the farms for work in the cities, mainly in factory and industry jobs, • Great advances in the areas of communication and technology with the invention of the three Ts (Telegraph, Telephone, and Television)along with the first computers. Agricultural 8,000 B.C. 1750 1955 2011 ?

8. Information Age The Information Age The period in which the majority of workers are involved in the creation, distribution, and application of information. • It is further characterized by • Development of a literate workforce, • Computerization resulting in major changes in business management and operations. Agricultural Industrial 8,000 B.C. 2011 1750 1955 ?

9. The Digital RevolutionJInformation Age/Digital Age/Information Superhighway/ Internet Revolution “The change from analog mechanical and electronic technology to digital technology that has taken place since 1980s.”

10. Information Technology A set of tools that enables us to work with information Facts presented in a meaningful fashion. • Software • Application software e.g.MS-office S/W, media software, business software • System software e.g. operating system software, utility software • Hardware • Input devices • Output devices • Telecommunication devices • Storage devices Personal Computers Wireless Networks Satellites Cellular technology videoconferencing Internet

11. Information Technology Technical definition: “The capability to electronically input, process, store, output, transmit, and receive data and information, including text, graphics, sound, and video, as well as the ability to control machines of all kinds electronically.”

12. Information Technology ITAA Definition: “The study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware."

13. Components of Information SystemPEOPLE knowledge worker • A knowledge worker works with and produces information about a product. • When you graduate, you will start working as a knowledge worker. EXAMPLES: • Professionals like teachers, lawyers, architects, physicians, nurses, engineers and scientists

14. Components of Information SystemPEOPLE Who is not knowledge worker? • The counter attendants at McDonald’s are not knowledge workers. They enter the details of your order into a computer terminal. These details are used by knowledge workers to manage inventory, order supplies and schedule workers.

15. Components of Information SystemPEOPLE Telecommuting • The use of communication technologies (such as the Internet), to work in a place other than a central location. • Telecommuting is a wonderful concept for increasing quality of life and earning opportunities for otherwise unemployed people.

16. Information Technology Embedded Information Technology “The information technology that is integrated with the other components of products and services, giving it new features and capabilities.”

17. Embedded Information Technology At travel agent office Maintain profile of customers such as seating requirements, payment details etc. On the aircraft Autopilot system EMBEDDED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY At the airport Ease passenger check-in, baggage handling, on-board services etc. At the auto rental agency Maintain client’s preferred automobile features At Hotel Maintain traveler’s preferences, payment details etc.

18. What is Data? Definition: “A collection of raw facts that describes a phenomenon” Examples • Current temperature • Price of a movie rental • Your age etc.

19. What Is Information? Definition: “Data that has been processed, manipulated and organised in a way suitable for human interpretation” • If you are trying to decide what to wear, the current temperature is information because it is logical help to your decision.

20. What Is Knowledge? Definition: “An awareness and understanding of a set of information and how that information can be put to the best use.” • Information adds to the knowledge of the person receiving it.

21. Data Vs. Information • Data is the raw material – the input of information • The word information is derived from Latin informare which means "give form to".

22. CHARACTERISTICS OF USEFUL INFORMATION • For information to be useful, it must be… • Relevant– -----within the context • Simple ------- --understandable • Complete –-- --including all needed • Accurate – -----error free • Current – ------not out-dated • Secure ---------- free of contamination • Economical –--cost does not exceed than the value of information • Timely – -------available when needed • Accessible - ---all those who need the information can get to it • Reliable --------results are consistent

23. Benefits of IT

24. Benefits of IT Speed • Computers can perform complex calculations, recall stored information, transmit information from one location to another in a split of a second. Consistency • A computer can perform a task the same way every time.

25. Benefits of IT Precision • Computers can detect minute differences that people can not see. • In automobile manufacturing embedded computer system helps precise placement of a part. Reliability • Reliability comes with speed, consistency and precision

26. MISManagement Information System

27. Management Information System (MIS) General definition: “MIS or simply IS (information system) is a combination of hardware and software and telecommunication used to process information automatically.”

28. MIS---Examples • Online bill payment system at a bank • A support website of a product • Computer system used to process orders for a business

29. Management Information System (MIS) Technical definition: “MISdeals with the planning for, development, management, and use of information technology tools to help people perform all tasks related to information processing and management.”

30. COMPONENTS OF MIS • People • Hardware • Software • Procedures • Telecommunication • Database

31. Components of Information System PEOPLE • The components that most influence the success or failure of information system. • People means end users, those who are using computers . • Systems Analyst • Programmer • Technician • Engineer • Network Manager • MIS (Manager of Information Systems) • Data entry operator

32. Components of Information System HARDWARE • any of the physical equipment in a system. Examples include screens, printers, computers, telephone wires, etc. SOFTWARE • a list of instructions that guides the hardware in the performance of its duties

33. (Components of Information System) DATA • Data are distinct pieces of factual information used as a basis for reasoning; afact; a number, a statement, or a picture, discussion, or calculation INFORMATION • The data that have a particular meaning within a specific context.

34. Components of Information System PROCEDURES • Refers to rules or guidelines people follow when using software, hardware and data. • Documented in manuals written by computer analysts. • Provided by software/hardware manufacturers of the product. • A procedure can be quite complex and involved, such as performing a backup, shutting down a system, patching software.

35. Components of Information System TELECOMMUNICATION • Allows computers to connect and to share the information with other users(computers).

36. Components of Information System DATABASE • A database is a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system. • Traditional databases are organized by fields, records, and files.