The Civil War

1. The Civil War US History Mrs. Hunt/Mrs. Nolin

2. Learning Target • I will identify significant battles, strategies, events, and turning points in the American Civil War.

3. I. The Confederacy • Seceding South • South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida all seceded from the Union forming the Confederate states of the Union. • Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri decided to stay in the Union but not without serious revelations.

4. I. The Confederacy • Seceding South • Many were afraid of Lincoln and what his election meant to the South. • The occupation of Ft. Sumter by Union troops led to the first battle of the Civil War. A. The battle lasted two days, eventually the South came away with a victory.

5. II. Advantages • The North • Both sides were confident in their victory. • The North felt as though they could overwhelm the South with Superior resources • Twice as many people • More diverse economy • Factories • Naval force • Railroad lines – crucial for moving troops

6. II. Advantages • The South • Fighting a defensive war. Felt as though the North would grow tired and eventually leave them alone. A. First Battle of Bull Run – Southern victory did not come easily. Gave the North a huge wakeup call.

7. III. Anaconda Plan • Strategy • Lincoln devised a plan to squeeze the south like an anaconda. • Naval Blockade – Line of ships stopping sea traffic in and out of Southern ports. • Union would take control of the Mississippi, separating the South. • From their they would move east to squeeze the life out of the deep south.

8. IV. Antietam • Bloodiest Battle • General Robert E. Lee (South) decided to invade Union territory by crossing into Maryland. • September 17, 1862 Confederate and Union soldiers clashed in Antietam Creek. • Bloodiest one day battle in American history. Ended in a stalemate • 20,000 soldiers killed or wounded • Confederacy lost a quarter of their army

9. V. Emancipation Proclamation • Warning • After Antietam, Lincoln issued a warning to the South. • Return to the Union by January 1, 1863 or he would free their slaves. • They ignored his warning

10. V. Emancipation Proclamation • Emancipation • January 1, 1963 Emancipation Proclamation was signed by Lincoln. • All slaves living in states “in rebellion against the US are to be thenceforward and forever free” • Slaves living in areas loyal to the US were not affected. • Gave the Union a great moral purpose in the war.

11. VI. Vicksburg • Grant • General Ulysses S. Grant continued to battle his way to the Mississippi. • May 1863, arrived at Vicksburg, Mississippi. • July 4, 1863 Confederate army surrendered, Union gained control of the Mississippi.

12. VII. Gettysburg • Southern Invasion • July 1, 1863 - General Lee once again invaded the North. This time it was in Gettysburg, PA. • Battle lasted for 3 horrible days. • July 3, confederate forces were forced to retreat • 50,000 soldiers were killed or wounded. • From this point on, South would strictly fight a defensive war. • Gettysburg Address – All men are created equal. Out of war would come a new birth of freedom.

13. VIII. Total War • What? • To force surrender, Grant adopted a policy known as total war. • Total War – doing what is necessary to undermine the enemy’s willingness to fight. • Lead forces into Virginia to capture Confederate capital • General Sherman would wage a campaign of destruction through Georgia and the Carolinas.

14. IX. Sherman • March to Sea • Captured and burned Atlanta to the ground • Continued towards the sea destroying everything of value. • Savannah was taken as well as the Carolina’s

15. X. Surrender • The End • While Sherman waged total war, Grant and Lee were locked in fierce combat in Virginia. • April 3, 1865 Richmond was captured and Lee was forced to surrender.

16. X. Surrender • Terms • Appomattox Court House • Confederates could keep their weapons • Each member could allow home without being disturbed by authorities.