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United States Experience: Cement Kilns. US Standards Controls Emissions . Standards Promulgated 2005.
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United States Experience: Cement Kilns • US Standards • Controls • Emissions
Standards Promulgated 2005 • EPA promulgated dioxin and furan standards, pursuant to the authority of section 112(d) of the CAA, for combustion devices that burn hazardous waste in cement kilns (as defined in 40 CFR 261.3) • Emission standards were promulgated on October 12, 2005 (70 FR 59402) and are codified in 40 CFR parts 63.1216 thru 63.1221 • For more information, contact: Frank Behan of EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Environmental Response at (703) 308-8476 or behan.frank @epa.gov
New and Existing Sources: Standards • Emission Standards: • 0.20 ng TEQ/dscm ; or • 0.40 ng TEQ/dscm provided that the combustion gas temperature at the inlet to the initial particulate matter control device is 400°F or lower ) • all standards are corrected to 7% oxygen • Sources are not required to use certain control technologies to achieve the dioxin and furan emission standards. Sources can use any means to achieve the standards.
Kilns in the US *Source of data: 2002 estimate for hazardous waste kilns is from hazardous waste Incineration rule; all other estimates are from draft 2000 dioxin inventory. Hazardous Waste fuels: waste oil, solvents, tires, other solid, other waste Non-Hazardous Waste fuels: coal, oil, natural gas, coke
Summary and Conclusions • US standards have significantly reduced emissions from cement kilns since 1990 • There are more kilns burning non-hazardous waste than hazardous waste