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WAVES: SOUND & LIGHT

WAVES: SOUND & LIGHT. Waves carry energy from one place to another. NATURE OF WAVES. Waves (Def.) – A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy. Medium – Substance or region through which a wave is transmitted. Speed of Waves – Depends on the properties of the medium.

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WAVES: SOUND & LIGHT

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  1. WAVES: SOUND & LIGHT Waves carry energy from one place to another

  2. NATURE OF WAVES Waves (Def.) – A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy. Medium – Substance or region through which a wave is transmitted. Speed of Waves – Depends on the properties of the medium.

  3. Some waves need help to travel… Mechanical waves are waves which require a medium. A medium is a form of matter through which the wave travels (such as water, air, glass, etc.) Waves such as light, x-rays, and other forms of radiation do not require a medium.

  4. What are the two kinds of mechanical waves? Longitudinal Waves (Compression Waves) In a longitudinal wave the matter in the wave moves back and forth parallel to the direction of the wave

  5. What are the two kinds of mechanical waves? Transverse Waves In a transverse wave the matter in the wave moves up and down at a right angle to the direction of the wave

  6. What are the parts of a wave? Transverse wave The crest is the highest point on a transverse wave. The troughis the lowest point on a transverse wave. The rest position of the wave is called the node or nodal line. The wavelength is the distance from one point on the wave to the next corresponding adjacent point.

  7. What are the parts of Longitudinal wave On a compressional wave the area squeezed together is called the compression. The areas spread out are called the rarefaction. The wavelength is the distance from the center of one compression to the center of the next compression.

  8. Chapter 20 Section 2: Properties of Wave

  9. Amplitude Related to height of a wave Max distance the wave vibrates from its rest position (base line) Larger Amplitude = taller wave= more energy

  10. Amplitude

  11. Larger Amplitude Means More Energy

  12. Wavelength A property of a wave Distance between any two adjacent crests or compressions in a series of waves Distance between 2 adjacent troughs or rarefractions Shorter wavelength = more energy

  13. Frequency Number of waves produced in a given time For longitudinal waves…calculate frequency by counting the # of compressions or rarefractions For transverse waves…calculate frequency by counting the # of crests or troughs The slower you go the less times you make waves pass a given point The faster you go the more times you make waves pass a given point Units are Hertz (Hz) 1Hz = 1/s (one wave per second) Higher frequency = more energy

  14. Wave Speed Speed at which a wave travels Distance traveled over time Speed depends on the medium that it’s traveling through

  15. Calculating Wave Speed You need wavelength and frequency Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional V = l (the greek letter lambda) x F (frequency)

  16. Chapter 20Section 3: Wave Interactions

  17. Wave Interactions… Reflection: occurs when a wave bounces back after striking a barrier All waves can be reflected. Reflected sound waves are called echoes. Sunlight is being reflected off of the moon at night. Water waves reflect off a shoreline. A wave is transmitted through a substance when it passes through the substance

  18. Refraction is the bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another. When a wave moves from one medium to another it changes speed and wavelength Speed of refraction depends on the medium.

  19. Diffraction: the bending of waves around or through an opening The direction of the wave changes diffraction depends on wavelength and the size of barrier/opening

  20. Interference: the result of 2 or more waves overlapping. a. constructive interference: increases the amplitude of a wave b. destructive interference: decreases the amplitude of a wave

  21. Constructive Interference Destructive Interference

  22. More on interference waves Can create standing waves Standing wave is a wave that forms a stationary pattern in which portions of the wave are at the rest position. Standing waves have nodes and antinodes.

  23. Standing Waves

  24. Resonance • Occurs when two objects naturally vibrate at the same frequency • A resonating object absorbs energy from the vibrating object and vibrates too

  25. Interference Waves can be deadly! July 1, 1940- Tacoma Bridge Accident

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