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Pronouns: Case and Reference

Pronouns: Case and Reference. Page 335. Case. Applies in different ways to Pronouns and to Nouns. Three pronoun forms: Subjective – pronoun as a SUBJECT. Possessive – pronoun used as possessive constructions Objective – pronoun as an object . Personal Pronoun.

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Pronouns: Case and Reference

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  1. Pronouns: Case and Reference Page 335

  2. Case • Applies in different ways to Pronouns and to Nouns. • Three pronoun forms: • Subjective – pronoun as a SUBJECT. • Possessive – pronoun used as possessive constructions • Objective – pronoun as an object.

  3. Personal Pronoun • Refer to persons or things. • Quick Reference 16.1 / page 336.

  4. Using who, whoever, whom, and whomever • Who and Whoever – subjective case • Whom and Whomever – Objective case. • If unsure which to use: • USE THE TROYKA TEST FOR CASE (page 341) • Who/whoever = he, she, or they • Whom/whomever = him, her or them.

  5. Using “I” or “me” • Subject = I • Objective = me • Page 343 • Exercise 16-3 & 16-4

  6. Pronoun Reference • Is clear when the readers know immediately to whom or what each pronoun refers. • Quick Reference 16.3 / page 345. • Exercise 16-5 / page 347.

  7. Pronouns & it, that, this, and which • Page 348. • Be sure that readers can easily understand what each word refers to. • The expression “they say” cannot take the place of stating precisely who is doing the saying. Mention a source precisely.

  8. “It” • 3 different uses – page 349. • Personal Pronoun • Expletive • (subject filler) • Idiomatic Expression • (depart from normal use, using “it” as the subject.)

  9. Pronouns - That, Which, Who • Page 350 • Which and That – • Refer to animals and things • Seldom does it refer to anonymous or collective groups of people. • Quick Reference 16.4.

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