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Cigarette Design: How to Make to a Better Nicotine Delivery Device

Cigarette Design: How to Make to a Better Nicotine Delivery Device. Murray J. Kaiserman PRESENTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2012.

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Cigarette Design: How to Make to a Better Nicotine Delivery Device

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  1. Cigarette Design:How to Make to a Better Nicotine Delivery Device Murray J. Kaiserman PRESENTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

  2. “The cigarette should be conceived not as a product but as a package. The product is nicotine. The cigarette is but one of many package layers. There is the carton, which contains the pack, which contains the cigarette, which contains the smoke. The smoker must strip off all these package layers to get to that which he seeks…Think of a cigarette pack as a storage container for a day’s supply of nicotine…Think of a cigarette as a dispenser for a dose unit of nicotine…Think of a puff of smoke as the vehicle of nicotine…” William Dunn, Jr., of the Philip Morris Research Center, “Motives and Incentives in Cigarette Smoking,” Bates No. 1003291922/1939

  3. TO BURN OR NOT TO BURN • Cigarettes • Roll-your-owns • “Little Cigars” • Cigars • Pipes • Waterpipes • E-cigarettes • Smokeless Tobacco – chewing, spit, spitless • NRTs – gum, patch, inhaler • Candy • Water

  4. MAKING NICOTINE ACCESSIBLE

  5. CIGARETTE COMPONENTS • FILTER • FILTER PLUG • CELLULOSE ACETATE • CELLULOSE ACETATE/CHARCOAL • POROUS PLUG WRAP • TIPPING PAPER • TOBACCO ROD COLUMN • TOBACCO/TOBACCO DERIVED MATERIAL • COLUMN PAPER WRAPPER • FLAX • WOOD CELLULOSE • BRAND LOGO • PACKAGING • SOFT PACK/BOX • INNER FOIL LINER • OUTER CUPROPHANE/MYLAR WRAPPER • GRAPHICS

  6. HOW THE COMPONENTS WORK

  7. CHOOSING THE RIGHT TOBACCO

  8. Canadian Blends BLEND CONFIGURATION FLUE/FIRE CURED/VIRGINIA (F/C) ADD-ONS EXPANDED TOBACCO (ET) STEMS WATER TREATED STEMS ( WTS) SHREDDED DRY STEMS (SDS) RECON PAPER I/II BAND CAST American Blends BLEND CONFIGURATION BURLEY/AIR CURED FLUE/FIRE CURED/VIRGINIA (F/C) ORIENTAL ADD-ONS EXPANDED TOBACCO (ET) RECLAIM/SHORTS STEMS WATER TREATED STEMS ( WTS) SHREDDED DRY STEMS (SDS) RECON PAPER I/II BAND CAST Canadian vs American Blends

  9. Flue-Cured Characteristics • FLUE CURED/VIRGINIA/BRIGHT LEAF • GROWN IN VA, NC, SC, CANADA, BRAZIL • YELLOW-REDDISH-ORANGE IN COLOR • NICOTINE CONTENT 2.5-3 % w/w • HIGH IN REDUCING SUGARS

  10. Reconstituted and Expanded Tobacco • RECONSTITUTED • BAND CAST • TOBACCO STOCK PULPED WITH ADDITIVES /w HEAT • POURED OUT INTO A “DOCTOR BLADE” • SPREAD ON A MOVING S/S CONVEYOR BELT • HEAT DRIED IN THREE STAGES • CUT INTO IRREGULAR PIECES • EXPANDED TOBACCO (ET) • DRY ICE (CARBON DIOXIDE) EXPANDED TOBACCO (DIET) • AMMONIUM CARBONATE EXPANDED TOBACCO (ACET) • STEMS • LAMINA

  11. THE FILTER – AN INTRODUCTION

  12. THE FILTER – A GREAT PERFORMANCE

  13. PAPER – READ ALL ABOUT IT

  14. PAPER – WORKING FOR YOU?

  15. PAPER – WRAPPING

  16. PAPER – THE TIPPING POINT

  17. THE PHYSICAL CIGARETTE

  18. THE FLEXIBLE CIGARETTE

  19. THE SENSUAL CIGARETTE

  20. ADDITIVES – IMPROVING ON PERFECTION • PROCESSING AIDS • ADHESIVES • REINFORCING FIBERS • CASING SAUCES • BURLEY SIDE OF THE BLEND ONLY • POROUS LEAF STRUCTURE • HIGH NICOTINE LEAF • FLAVORANTS • VOLATILE COMPOUNDS (MENTHOL) • TOP DRESSING APPLIED /w EtOH FOR AROMA • COMBUSTION MODIFIERS • K/Na CITRATE

  21. ADDITIVES – THERE IS A REASON • GLYCEROL • PEG • CHOCOLATE • LICORICE • DAP • AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE • AMMONIUM (X) • HONEY • SIMPLE SUGARS • MENTHOL/MINT/CHERRY • BURN ACCELERANT/RETARDANT • EUGENOL

  22. Ammonia

  23. WHY AMMONIA ? • BLEND NICOTINE RELEASE • ESTABLISH EQUILIBRIUM OF BLEND ALKALOIDS • NICOTINE MIGRATION/SCAVENGING • NICOTINE SALTS DE-PROTONATED TO FREE BASE • SMOKE pH MANIPULATION • FREE NICOTINE • THREE IONIC STATES DEPENDANT ON pH • TWO DISTINCT pKa • DIPROTONATED (CITRIC/MALIC) • MONO-PROTONATED • FREE BASE

  24. ADDITIVES – MY MISTAKE • AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES • PESTICIDES • HERBICIDES • SENESCENCE AGENTS • SUCKERING AGENTS • SOIL FLORA AND SPORES • PHEROMONES • INSECTS, e.g. TOBACCO BEETLE

  25. FROM FACTORY TO MOUTH • RE-DRY COMPLETE CUT BLEND (12-14%) • TOBACCO ROD MANUFACTURE • FILTER ROD MANUFACTURE • ASSEMBLE TWO COMPONENTS • PACKAGE (SLIDE AND SHELL, FLIP TOP, SOFT PACK, TIN) • CARTON • OVER WRAPPED/BULK PACKAGING • CONDITIONED STORAGE

  26. MAKE THEM STOP ADDING CHEMICALS TO CIGARETTES orWHAT DO THOSE NUMBERS REALLY MEAN

  27. HOW A CIGARETTE WORKS

  28. IT BURNS – SORT OF

  29. THE RIGHT MIX

  30. Combustion New chemicals Transferred chemicals Tobacco + Oxygen + + More than 4,000 chemicals About 2,500 chemicals More than 50 carcinogens

  31. Relationship Between These Elements Design characteristics Smoke Toxicity Smoke emissions Tobacco Ingredients Constituents

  32. Constituents, Emissions, Toxicity Test Methods Constituents Smoke emissions Smoke toxicity 11 test methods 14 Mainstream smoke methods 14 Sidestream smoke methods 3 test methods 3 mechanisms of toxicity: mutagenicity cytotoxicity clastogenicity 41 emissions 40 emissions 27 constituents

  33. Lab Analysis Performed • Once the sample is generated, laboratory analysis can be performed (either smoke or extract depending if doing emissions or constituents analysis) Collect on Cambridge filter pad Extraction and sample clean-up Instrumental analysis emissions constituents For constituent analysis (not burned), the compounds are extracted from the tobacco (and not smoked)

  34. Smoke Analysis • For Smoke analysis, the first step is to generate the sample by smoking the product.

  35. Filtrona ASM 500 Smoking Machine

  36. Borgwaldt Close Up

  37. Sidestream Collection Chambers

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