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Fault ride-through testing of wind turbines

Fault ride-through testing of wind turbines. Presented by: Olve Mo Paper co-authors: John Olav Tande Leif Warland Kjell Ljøkelsøy SINTEF Energy Research, Norway. Background. Grid codes now require wind farms to ride-through temporarily grid voltage dips (faults).

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Fault ride-through testing of wind turbines

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  1. Fault ride-through testing of wind turbines Presented by: Olve Mo Paper co-authors: John Olav Tande Leif Warland Kjell Ljøkelsøy SINTEF Energy Research, Norway

  2. Background • Grid codes now require wind farms to ride-through temporarily grid voltage dips (faults). • Full scale tests against different grid codes is not practical • IEC 61400-21 ed2 (CD 2006) presents a standardized test for characterizing the wind turbine response to a voltage dip • The result of the standardized tests can be used to validate a numerical simulation model of the wind turbine. • The validated simulation model can then to be used to check compliance to different grid codes

  3. Scope • Can numerical simulations models be used to accurately predict ride-through capabilities of a fixed speed, direct connected induction generators? • Will the results of the new standardized test provide useful results for validation of such models?

  4. IEC 61400-21 ed2 (CD 2006)

  5. Motor Generator Laboratory test setup

  6. Short circuit emulator only (IG discon.) Small dip setup Large dip setup Instantaneous voltage Fundamental positive sequence voltage 90% 55%

  7. Numerical simulation model • Model of laboratory set-up • PSCAD/EMTDC Simulation tool (Instantaneous value, time domain simulation tool) • Standard PSCAD induction machine model used (7th order model)

  8. Comparison (small dip, ride through succeeded) --- Measured --- Simulated Active power Voltage Fundamental positive sequence Reactive power Current

  9. Comparison (large dip, ride through failed) Active power Voltage --- Measured --- Simulated Fundamental positive sequence Reactive power Current

  10. Determination of ride-through limit • Reapplied large voltage dip with successively reduced torque setting until the generator was able to ride-through the voltage dip: • Very promising result for the use of simulations to assess fault ride through capabilities !

  11. Large dip, 86% torque (ride through succeeded) --- Measured --- Simulated Large dip, 87.5% torque (ride through failed) Voltage Voltage Fundamental positive sequence Current Current

  12. Conclusions • Simulations and laboratory measurements shows excellent agreement • Validated simulation models can accurately predict fault ride-through capability of direct grid connected induction generators • Test results from a standard test will be useful for model validation provided detailed data of both wind turbine and test equivalent are found in the test report. • More advanced wind turbines may be more challenging (doubly fed induction generator, power electronic converter control, fast pitch systems, fast acting digital protection systems) • Is it possible to get desired accuracy using simpler phasor type models ?? (e.g. PSSE)

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