Concepts: Individuals – Groups – Institutions Governance Conflict and Change Rule of Law

SS8H3aExplain the immediate and long-term causes of the American Revolution and their impact on Georgia; include the French and Indian War (Seven Years War), Proclamation of 1763, Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, and the Declaration of Independence. Concepts: Individuals – Groups – Institutions Governance Conflict and Change Rule of Law

The student will understand that when there is conflict between or within societies, change is the result.What are some reasons for wars being fought?What was the French & Indian War and why was it a cause of the American Revolution? CONFLICT & CHANGE

AMERICAN REVOLUTION PAGE 21 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H3a ESSENTIAL QUESTION What was the French and Indian War, and how was it a cause of the American Revolution?

CAUSE ENGLAND AND FRANCE WANTED TO CONTROL THE SAME LAND THAT WAS WEST OF THE APPALACHIAN MTNs AND EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER FRANCE HAD INDIAN ALLIES THAT THEY TRADED WITH ENGLAND HAS COLONISTS WHO WANTED TO SETTLE THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY EFFECT (CHANGE) ENGLISH WON THE WAR COLONIES EXPANDED THEIR BOUNDARIES WESTWARD (GEORGIA BOUNDARY BECAME THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ENGLAND ACQUIRED FLORIDA FROM SPAIN BRITISH GOV’T BEGAN TAXING THE COLONISTS TO HELP PAY FOR THE WAR – THIS BECAME THE 1ST CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION FRENCH & INDIAN WAR1754-1763 CONFLICT and CHANGE

AMERICAN REVOLUTION PAGE 22 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H3a ESSENTIAL QUESTION What was the Proclamation of 1763?

PROCLAMATION OF 1763 Source: Georgia in the American Experience Textbook

PROCLAMATION OF 1763 • Violent incidents such as Pontiac's Rebellion prompted the English crown to attempt to mandate an end to encroachments on territory promised to the Indians. • Settlers were not to establish themselves west of the “Proclamation Line.” • The effort was unsuccessful and is viewed by many to be a leading cause of the Revolutionary War.

The student will understand that in a democracy, rule of lawinfluences the behavior of citizens, establishes procedures for making policies, and limits the power of government.What are some rules in each of your classes? What are some policies in your student agenda? What part of the constitution limits the power of government?What were some laws that the colonists protested? RULE of LAW

AMERICAN REVOLUTION PAGE 23 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H3a ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did the Stamp Act and Intolerable Acts cause the American Revolution?

STAMP ACT - 1765 Definition: First direct British tax on American colonists. Every newspaper, pamphlet, and other public and legal document had to have a Stamp, or British seal, on it. The Stamp, of course, cost money. The colonists didn't think they should have to pay for something they had been doing for free for many years, and they responded in force, with demonstrations and even with a diplomatic body called the Stamp Act Congress, which delivered its answer to the Crown. Seeing the hostile reaction in the colonies, the British government repealed the Stamp Act in March 1766 but at the same time passed the Declaratory Act, which said that Great Britain was superior (and boss of) the American colonies "in all cases whatsoever." The Stamp Act gave the colonists a target for their rage. Indeed, the Sons of Liberty was formed in response to this Act. The Stamp Act Congress also gave the colonists a model for the Continental Congress. - SocialStudiesForKids.com

This cartoon depicts the repeal of the Stamp Act as a funeral, with Grenville carrying a child's coffin marked "born 1765, died 1766". - wikipedia.com

INTOLERABLE ACTS To bring the colonies under control, Britain’s Parliament passed several acts: 1. closing of Boston Harbor until damages from Boston Tea Party were paid for 2. outlawing patriot groups such as the Sons of Liberty; and allowing colonists to assemble for only one town meeting a year. 3. British troops in colonies who committed a crime were tried back in British courts, not colonial courts 4. Quartering Act – house and feed British soldiers

AMERICAN REVOLUTION PAGE 24 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H3a ESSENTIAL QUESTION What role did the Declaration of Independence play in the American Revolution?

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE The Declaration of Independence was a formal document that was written to officially announce the colonies' break from Great Britain.

AMERICAN REVOLUTION PAGE 24 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H3b ESSENTIAL QUESTION What role did Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton play in the American Revolution?

Button GwinnettBorn: England, about 1735Died: Savannah, May 19, 1777 Signed Declaration of Independence, governor

Lyman HallBorn: Wallingford, Connecticut, April 12,1724Burke County, Ga. October 19, 1790 Signed the Declaration of Independence, governor, physician

George WaltonBorn: Farmville, Virginia, about 1749Died: February 2, 1804, Augusta, Georgia Signed the Declaration of Independence, U.S. Senator, governor

Button Gwinnett, George Walton, and Lyman Hall were the three Georgia signers of the Declaration of Independence.

SS8H3bAnalyze the significance of people and events in Georgia on the Revolutionary War; include Loyalists, patriots, Elijah Clarke, Austin Dabney, Nancy Hart, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton, Battle of Kettle Creek, and siege of Savannah. Concepts: Individuals – Groups – Institutions Conflict and Change

The student will understand that the actions of Individuals, Groups, and Institutionsaffect society through intended and unintended consequences.What are some political groups in America? What are some religious groups in the world?What was the difference between the Loyalists and Patriots in Georgia? What roles did Nancy Hart, Austin Dabney, and Elijah Clarke play in the American Revolution? Individuals – Groups - Institutions

AMERICAN REVOLUTION PAGE 25 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H3b ESSENTIAL QUESTION What’s the difference between a LOYALIST and a PATRIOT?

LOYALISTS Though Georgians opposed British trade regulations, many hesitated to join the revolutionary movement that emerged in the American colonies in the early 1770s and resulted in the Revolutionary War (1775-83). The colony had prospered under royal rule, and many Georgians thought that they needed the protection of British troops against a possible Indian attack. - New Georgia Encyclopedia PATRIOTS Colonists who opposed British rule and wanted to break away and form their own country. These colonists were angered over the many ACTS (rules and taxes) that they were forced to pay, especially since they had no voice in government (Parliament). The slogan “no taxation without representation” was what they rallied behind. The Patriots would eventually fight the British in the American Revolutionary War. American Revolution Groups

SS8H3bAnalyze the significance of people and events in Georgia on the Revolutionary War; include Loyalists, patriots, Elijah Clarke, Austin Dabney, Nancy Hart, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton, Battle of Kettle Creek, and siege of Savannah. Concepts: Individuals – Groups – Institutions Conflict and Change

AMERICAN REVOLUTION PAGE 26 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H3b ESSENTIAL QUESTION What role did Nancy Hart, Austin Dabney, and Elijah Clarke play in the American Revolution?

Nancy Hart Revolutionary Heroine Georgia's most acclaimed female participant during the Revolutionary War (1775-83) was Nancy Hart. A devout patriot, Hart gained notoriety during the revolution for her determined efforts to rid the area of Tories, English soldiers, and British sympathizers. Her single-handed efforts against Tories and Indians in the Broad River frontier, as well as her covert activities as a patriot spy, have become the stuff of myth, legend, and local folklore. - New Georgia Encyclopedia

Concepts: Individuals – Groups – Institutions Governance Conflict and Change Rule of Law