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  1. Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading - Task 1 (1g Tests)S. Thevanayagam, UBResearch Progress MeetingFeb. 15, 2006, UB-VTC -- DraftPI: R. Dobry, co-PI’s: A. Elgamal, S. Thevanayagam, T. Abdoun, M. ZeghalUB-NEES Lab: A. Reinhorn, M. Pitman, J. Hanley, T. Albrechcinski Acknowledgements: T. Kanagalingam, N. Ecemis, Peng Hao

  2. Pile (Test 1A: High EI pile, Test 1B: Low EI pile) F#55 Sand, Dr~45% 2-D Laminar Box (24 Laminates) 6.2 m Ball Bearings Shaking Frame on Strong Floor a=2 or 3 deg. SECTIONAL VIEW 3.35 m 2.75 m 5.0 m 5.6 m PLAN Tests 1 and 2: Single Pile(shaking in perpendicular directions) • Yr-1: Tests #1A & 1B • Yr-2: Tests #2A & 2B

  3. Pile Cap Pile F#55 Sand, Dr~45% 2-D Laminar Box (24 Laminates) 6.2 m Ball Bearings Shaking Frame on Strong Floor a=2 or 3 deg. SECTIONAL VIEW 3.35 m 2.75 m 5.0 m 5.6 m PLAN Tests 3 and 4: Group Pile(shaking in perpendicular directions) • Yr-2: Tests #3 • Yr-3: Test #4

  4. Year-1 Schedule (2005-2006) – Nov 19, 2005 Meeting

  5. Planning, Design, Fabrication & Instr. Procurement • Box, Sand, Control, Ground Motion, Instruments • Preparatory Testing • Sand Construction, Dry Runs & Preliminary Equipment Tests • Saturated Free-Field Liquefaction • Level Ground (LG-1)– Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (May-June 06) • Sloping Ground (SG-1)- Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (June-July 06) • Pre-test Data for FEM/DEM modelers– 2mo before tests for Class A prediction • Single Pile • High-EI Pile (Test 1A)– Harmonic progressive amplitude increase, 0.2-0.3g (Aug. 06) • Low-EI Pile (Test 1B)– Harmonic progressive amplitude increase, 0.2-0.3g(Oct. 06) • Coordination w/ Centrifuge Tests & IT Year-1 Plans (2005-06)

  6. Year-1 Schedule (2005-2006)

  7. Year-1 Schedule (2005-2006)

  8. Parameter Unit Value Single laminate thickness m 0.254 Single laminate weight kN 7 Empty box weight excluding steel bridge kN 168 Empty box weight including steel bridge kN 250 Friction between laminates % ----- Inter-laminate displacement limit m 0.036 Maximum soil volume m3 77.2 Maximum weight (soil & box) kN 1850 Maximum horizontal acceleration g 0.3 Laminar Box Dimensions

  9. Laminar Box – Strong Floor Foot Print Strong Floor – Reserved April 1 – Oct.31, 06

  10. LAMINAR BOX-ACTUATOR Reserved April 1 – Oct.31, 06 Controller – To be tested by Mark Pitman – 3/15-4/15/06

  11. Laminar Box – Strong Floor Shaking Setup

  12. Loading Frame Design Completed; Quotes Accepted; Purchase in progress; Delivery March15, 06

  13. Strong Floor – Bearing Support

  14. Laminar Box – Strong Floor Modification Machined Base Steel Plate – UB NEES Funded PLAN VIEW

  15. Actuator Loading Setup

  16. Floor Reactions (kips) (Dead Weight) Design Completed; Loading within Tolerable Limits; Strong Floor to be leveled using Steel Base Plate, Funding approved; Purchase in progress

  17. Floor Reactions (kips) (Longitudinal Shaking) • See Next Page for results after removing tensions

  18. Floor Reactions (kips) (Longitudinal Shaking) • All negative reaction Supports are removed

  19. LG-1 & SG-1 Data for FEM/DEM Modelers • Draft Report Released Feb 15, 06. • Ground Motion Report – Released Feb. 1, 06. • Soils Report -- Thevanayagam, S., Shenthan, T., and Kanagalingam, T., (2003). “Role of intergranular contacts on mechanisms causing liquefaction and slope failures in silty sands. “Final Report, USGS Award No. 01HQGR0032 and 99HQGR0021; US Geological Survey, Department of Interior, USA,‘http://erp-web.er.usgs.gov/reports/abstract/2001/pt/01hqgr0032-report.pdf , 396p. • Soil Property Test Data – Available in EXCEL Format

  20. Gradation and Index Properties of OS#55 Sand

  21. Typical Cyclic Triaxial Test Data for OS#55 Sand

  22. Draft Ground Motion:umax = 0.74’’f = 2 Hzfn = 5 – 7 Hzamax = 0.3 g

  23. Expected Pore Pressure Vs Time - Draft Shaking Motion ru vs Time (Based on UB Energy based Liq. Model)

  24. Equipment & Instruments – Plan Planning & Quotes Completed; Purchase in progress; Delivery April 5, 06

  25. Instrumentation – LG-1 & SG-1 Plan View Instrumentation to be coordinated with NEES-Wood Project

  26. Soil Instrumentation

  27. Instrumentation: Tests LG-1 & SG-1

  28. Instrumentation – Test 1A & 1B (Single Pile)

  29. Instrumentation – Test 1A & 1B N-S W-E MEMS Shape Cable

  30. Instrumentation: Single Pile (Test 1A & 1B)

  31. KRYPTON Soil-Pile Instrumentation

  32. Pile Cap Pile F#55 Sand, Dr~45% 2-D Laminar Box (24 Laminates) 6.2 m Ball Bearings Shaking Frame on Strong Floor a=2 or 3 deg. SECTIONAL VIEW 3.35 m 2.75 m 5.0 m 5.6 m PLAN Group Pile - Test 3 (Yr-2)

  33. Instrumentation: Test 3 (2x2 Group)

  34. Instrumentation: Test 3 (2x2 Group)

  35. Planning, Design, Fabrication & Procurement • Box, Sand, Instruments - Design completed, Quotations received, purchase order in progress – Product Delivery March 15. Instruments Delivery April 15. • Box Assembly – Scheduled March 15 – 31 • Ground Motion to be discussed - Finalize by April 15 • Control – Mark Pitman - Scheduled March 1-April 15 • Preparatory Testing • Sand Construction, Dry Runs & Preliminary Equipment Tests – Scheduled April 1-30 • Saturated Free-Field Liquefaction • Level Ground (LG-1) – Scheduled May 1-30 • Sloping Ground (SG-1) – Scheduled June 1-30 • Pre-test Data for FEM/DEM modelers – Preliminary Report Released Feb. 15 • Single Pile • High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Preparation May 1-July31; Testing Aug 1-31 • Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Preparation May 1-July31; Testing Sept. 1-30 • Coordination w/ Centrifuge Tests & IT Year-1 Status

  36. Equipment & Instruments – Plan Planning & Quotes Completed; Purchase in progress; Delivery April 5, 06

  37. Sand Construction - Hydraulic Filling Initial Slurry Pump Tests completed – Oct 05; Sand pumping/Density Control Tests – April 06 (weather)

  38. Hydraulic Placement Methods

  39. Field Hydraulic Fill Placement Methods & CPT Results Low Speed + Compaction High Speed Bottom Dump

  40. Hydraulic Fill – Field CPT Data(Mitchell et al.) Better Control Possible in the Lab. Environment; Includes plans for development of placement controls to achieve desired density ranges

  41. Open for Discussion by All Researchers

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