Comparative Anatomy Urogenital System

1. Comparative AnatomyUrogenital System Note Set 11 Chapter 15

2. Urogenital System Ducts of excretory and reproductive systems are intimately associated

3. Primitive Kidney Archinephros- primitive excretory kidney organ Holonephros Filtration system Archinephric duct- drains to cloaca or bladder

4. Primitive Kidney (con’t) Pronephros 1st tubules to appear Anteriorly located; head kidney Involutes to form lymphoidal mass Only functions temporarily All tubules associated with pronephros Pronephric (archinephric) duct drains pronephros

5. Primitive Kidney (con’t)

6. Primitive Kidney (con’t) Mesonephros (opisthonephros)- kidney mass caudal to pronephric region Functional adult kidney of fish and amphibians Opisthonephros in sharks Drained by mesonephric (archinephric) duct

7. Primitive Kidney (con’t) Ductus efferens: Pronephric duct Mesonephric duct Archinephric duct Anterior portion of mesonephric tubules used in male reproductive system

8. Primitive Kidney (con’t)

9. Primitive Kidney (con’t) Accessory urinary ducts Tubules also in reproductive sys. Path for sperm to enter mesonephric duct (sperm duct)

10. Amniote Kidney Pronephros Lost Mesonephros Mainly an embryonic kidney Involutes at birth Metanephric kidney Takes over functions of mesonephros Ureter- new duct drains met. kidney

11. Amniote Kidney (con’t) Mesonephric duct Sperm duct in males Ductus deferens in amphibians Vas deferens in mammals Terminate at cloaca Most amniotes Not higher vertebrates

12. Embryonic Amniotes Pronephros involutes Mesonephros involutes Metanephric kidney develops Vas deferens

13. Urinary Bladder Most vertebrates Formation varies Fish- terminal segment of mesonephric duct Large bladders- turtles and lizards Turtles- accessory bladder

14. Gonads Elevated ridges medial to kidneys Gonads enlarge, suspended by mesenteries Mesorchium- males Mesovarium- females

15. Gonads (con’t) Bidder’s organ Rudimentary ovary of toads (Bufo) If testes removed, become functional ovary Ovotestes in fish Both ovary and testis in lizards Multi-lobed testis in some species

16. Copulatory Organs Claspers in cartilagenous fish Gonopodium in teleost Intromittent organ Hemipenes Single penis

17. Copulatory Organs (con’t) No copulatory organs Sperm pocket- some salamanders Rudimentary copulatory organ Some amniotes (tuatara) Cloacal apposition Male and female cloacas come together

18. Copulatory Organs (con’t) Muellarian ducts In males, ducts are nonfunctional In females, ducts give rise to female reproductive tract Only left reproductive tract Birds and crocodiles Raptors have vestigial right reprod. tract

19. Copulatory Organs (con’t) Duplex uterus Monotremes and marsupials Separated female reprod. tracts Bipartite uterus Rabbit Body of uterus seems unpaired yet has two lumens Bicornuate uterus Cat Two uterine horns and single lumen

20. Copulatory Organs (con’t) Bicornuate uterus Cat Two uterine horns and single lumen Simplex uterus Primates Large body and horns

21. Cloaca Receives digestive, reproductive, and urinary products and tracts No cloaca Fish- three separate openings Mammals above monotremes Cloaca subdivisions: Coprodaeum Urodaeum Proctodaeum

22. Cloaca Subdivisions Coprodeum Receives alimentary canal Simple columnar Urodeum Receives urinary and reproductive products Transitional epithelium Proctodeum Associated with excretory Stratified squamous

23. Cloaca (con’t) Bursa of Fabricius Lymphoid evagination off cloaca

24. Reproduction Some vertebrates require both sexes Some verts. are asexual Reproduce parthenogenetically Some fish and lizards Embryonic humans are asexual Until differentiation of sexual structures

25. Differentiation of Sexual Structures

26. Differentiation of  Sexual Structures (con’t) Genital Tubercle Male- penis Female- clitoris Genital Folds Male- penis contribution Female- labia minora Genital Swellings Male- scrotum Female- labia majora

27. Differentiation of  Sexual Structures (con’t) Mesonephric Duct Male- vas defferens Female- gartner’s duct Muellerian Duct Male- portions are retained Female- reproductive tract

28. Mesonephric Tubule Male- vasa efferentia Female- epoophoran and paraophoran Genital Ridge Male- testes Female- ovaries Differentiation of  Sexual Structures (con’t)

29. Homologous Urogenital Structures

30. Literature Cited Figure 14.1- Trauth, Stan. Handout. Figure 14.2, 14.4, 14.6, 14.7, 14.9, 14.10, 14.12, 14.15, 14.21, 14.27, 14.28, 14.29- Kent, George C. and Robert K. Carr. Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates. 9th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2001. Figure 14.3- http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/342notes10.html Figure 14.5- http://connection.lww.com/Products/sadler/imagebank.asp Figure 14.8- http://www2.vscc.cc.tn.us/MSD/BIO/1020/Lab7ChordateII.htm Figure 14.11- http://www.med.unc.edu/embryo_images/unit-genital/genital_htms/genital018.htm Figure 14.13, 14.14, 14.17, 14.18, 14.19- Kardong, Kenneth V. Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2006. Figure 14.16- http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~brandste/aqua/fauna/zucht.html Figure 14.20- http://137.222.110.150/calnet/vetrep7/page2.htm Figure 14.22- Sever, David. Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Urodela. Vol 1. Science Publishers, Inc, 2003. pg 334 Figure 14.23- http://member.rivernet.com.au/balehirs/Bishyp6nroBirdNests.htm Figure 14.24- http://www.uic.edu/classes/dh/dh110/Immunology_files/ Figure 14.25- http://www.upei.ca/histology/html/bursa_fabricus.html Figure 14.26- http://www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL3530/DB_Ch12/DBNGerm.html