8th Grade Chapter 25

1. 8th Grade Chapter 25 "The Roaring Twenties"

2. Section 1: “The Business of America” • “Harding and the ‘Return to Normalcy’” • President Harding promised ___________ and less government involvement in _____________. • Although members of some of Harding’s cabinet were excellent, some were _______________, even _________________. They used their positions to make money illegally. The worst involved Sec. Albert Fall. It was called the _____ _________________. because Fall took illegal bribes and made illegal deals with oil executives in Teapot Dome, WY.

3. Harding was politically and personally ________. He went on a speaking tour in 1923 and _______ suddenly. • “Coolidge Takes Over” • VP Calvin Coolidge agreed with the economic policy, __________________, where business would not be regulated by the gov’t. Under Coolidge, Americans _______________. • Coolidge also believed the gov’t should stay out of social and economic problems. He especially refused to help __________________. • Farmers were producing more food than the

4. nation needed because of ______________, which made ____________ drop. Congress passed a bill to help, but Coolidge ________ it. • Like Harding, Coolidge was an _____________. His major peace effort was the _____________ of 1928. This pact was signed by 15 nations who pledged not to make war against each other except in self-defense. Americans supported it because if war were illegal, it would__________. • “Technology Changes American Life” • The economy was booming because business flourished thanks to little___________________.

5. Part of the “roar” in the Roaring Twenties was the growth of the nation’s ________________. • ________________ had the first successful impact on life during the 1920s. ____________ was determined to make a car that people could afford. His dream came true with the ________. he was able to produce _______ cars per minute, at __________. • To speed up production and lower costs, Ford used an __________________ (See p. 711). By the mid-1920s a Model T came off the assembly line every ____________.

6. Other advances in technology improved life. Consumers were able to use ________________ to pay for once-costly items. This method allowed repaying the amount borrowed in small monthly payments. _______________ also got its start to promote new products. • _______________ powered the new prosperity. Petroleum and electricity became available. These power sources made possible new inventions to make life easier. • “The Air Age Begins” • After WWI airplanes were used for crop dusting,

7. stunt flying, and for ______________. • Transatlantic flights by _________________ in 1927 and ___________________ in 1928 helped promote the idea of air transportation. ________ ________________________became the nation’s first passenger airline. • Section 2: “Changes in Society” • “Youth in the Roaring Twenties” • For the first time, young people as a group ____ _________ against the values of the past and the authority of their elders. The under-25 generation wanted _____ and ___________ and Pan

10. often experimented with new ____________, attitudes and ways of behavior. • During the 1920s, women took a more active role in their lives than ever before. They had more _____________. • The prosperity of the 1920s opened new ______ ____________for women. College graduates became teachers, librarians, bankers, etc. Attitudes toward ____________ also changed. • The ____ Amendment gave women the right to vote. Some even ran for political office. In 1924, 2 were elected ____________. Nellie

11. Tayloe Ross in WY and Miriam “Ma” Ferguson in TX. In 1923 an ______________ amendment was introduced into Congress, but it would be 50 years before it would pass. • “Prohibition and Lawlessness” • On Jan. 19, 1920, the ______________ went into effect. It was commonly called __________. Many people saw it as small town, Protestant Americans over city dwellers. To enforce the ban, Congress passed the __________________. • Many Americans ______ the law because they didn’t consider drinking harmful and sinful. Volstead Act

12. People who wanted alcohol found ways to get it, despite bars being closed. Illegal nightclubs called _______________ sold liquor. People called ________________ transported and sold liquor illegally. Others simply brewed it themselves. • An unfortunate result of Prohibition was ______ ___________. In nearly every major city, criminal gangs battled for control of bootlegging operations. The most ruthless crime boss of the era was ___________________ in Chicago. By the late 1920s, most Americans had come to see Prohibition as a failure. It was repealed with the

13. ___Amendment. Prohibition ended, but _______ ______________ did not end with it. • “Changes for African Americans” • The jobs acquired during the Great Migration raised African American expectations for a better life. In the North they gained some __________ and faced discrimination in jobs and housing. Rising tensions between African Americans and whites led to over ________________ in 1919 alone. The ___________ _____________________________(NAACP) worked to make people aware of crimes against African Americans, but was unable to get Congress to pass legislation to

14. segregation and fight discrimination. • Daily threats and discrimination made some African Americans lose faith in America. _______ ___________, founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, called for a return to ________ and the formation of a separate nation there. Few migrated there, but Garvey set an example for future black political movements. • “A Divided Society” • Some groups felt threatened by the changes of the 1920s. Conflicts led to divisions among groups– between whites and African Americans,

15. native-born and ____________, urban and ________ communities. Science and _________ were also in conflict. • In religion, a movement called _____________ gained both recognition and political power. Fundamentalists believed in a literal, or word-for-word, interpretation of the __________. They did not want the theory of ___________ taught in public schools because it opposed their belief in the biblical story of creation. ______________ is the scientific theory that living things developed over millions of years from earlier and simpler forms of life.

16. In 1925, fundamentalists succeeded in banning the teaching of evolution in ___________. and 12 other states when biology teacher, John Scopes broke the law to test whether it could be enforced. Scope’s trial attracted national attention. • The jury found Scopes __________. The TN Supreme Court __________ the decision. • Another reaction to changes in society was the rebirth of the _______________________. It called for a ______________ America. It became strong in several states, some ________ of the South. By 1924, the Klan had as many as

17. _________ members. It tried to influence national, state, and local ______________. Its power began to decrease because of scandals. • Section 3: “The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance” • “Mass Media and Popular Culture” • New types of_____________ – communications that reached a large audience– began to take hold in the 1920s. ____________ and _____________provided entertainment and spread the latest ideas about fashions and lifestyles. • The number of households with radios jumped.

18. from about ______ to about _________ in 1929. Americans were not only _____________ than ever before, but also united by listening to the same radio programs. • Movies spread______________ to Europe; this included songs, dances, fashions and even slang expressions. For most of the 1920s, films were _____________. In 1927, ________________ introduced sound. Another talkie caused a sensation. Walt Disney’s ___________________. • Another leisure activity was watching ________ _________ and listening to them on the radio. ___________________ became very popular.

19. Slang Words and Phrases All Wet Describes a wrong idea or person. He’s all wet. Applesauce What you say when you are angry; a curse. Oh Applesauce!

20. The Big Cheese The most important person; the boss. The Cat’s Meow Something or someone splendid or wonderful; the best. Cheaters Sunglasses Jake OK. Everything’s Jake.

21. Dogs Feet. Giggle Water Alcohol Heebie Jeebies A scary or nervous feeling; “the chills.” That movie gave me the heebie jeebies. Jalopy An old car. Moll A gangster’s girlfriend.

22. Pushover Someone easily convinced or taken advantage of. Scram Leave. Wonderful. Swell Upchuck Vomit A word used when having a good time. Whoopie! Whoopie

23. Even _____________ and ____________ attracted crowds. _________________ became heroes because they restored Americans’ belief in the power of the individual to improve his or her life. • Wartime military service and work in war industries gave African Americans a new sense of ___________________. _________________ became the unofficial black capital of America. In the 1920s, _____________, a black community on New York’s West Side was the world’s largest urban black community. • Migrants from the South brought a new kind of

24. music, _____________. Soon, Harlem produced a burst of African American cultural activity known as the __________________________, which began in the 1920s and lasted into the 1930s. • _________________ became a home to writers, musicians, singers, painters, sculptors, and scholars. Among its residents were poets Langston Hughes, James Weldon Johnson and Countee Cullen and novelists Claude McKay and Zora Neal Hurston. __________________ was Harlem’s most famous writer. He wrote about the _____________________ under which African

25. Americans lived. • ____________became widely popular in the 1920s. It was a form of music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime to produce a _________________________. • It spread from its birthplace in ___________ to other parts of the country. • For some time, the time after the war was a time of _______________. They were called ___ _____________________. For many of them, only Paris offered freedom and tolerance. Paris became a gathering place for American ________

26. people who choose to live in a country other than their own. Among them was ___________ ________________. • Another novelist, _________________wrote The Great Gatsby of wealthy New Yorkers whose lives spin out of control. _________________ wrote Babbitt, a satire of the middle class’ concern for material possessions. gathering place for American ___________________,