Thailand Science, Technology and Innovation Policy & ASEAN Krabi Initiative

1. Thailand Science, Technology and Innovation Policy & ASEAN Krabi Initiative By Dr. Yada Mukdapitak yada@sti.or.th Deputy Secretary General National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office, Thailand

2. Direction of the 11th National Economic and Social Development Plan 2012-2016 Thailand has been governed by the constitutional monarchy. Agriculture is the main source of income and food security. The development is based on knowledge and advanced technology. Thai society maintains good values and culture. The community is a key effective mechanism in development. Thailand is a sovereign state and cooperates with other countries in the international community. 2 Source: Adapted from Summary of the Direction of the 11th National Economic and Social Development Plan 2012-2016, the Office of National Economic and Social Development Board, 2011

3. Economic Performance Government Efficiency * Overall Business Efficiency Infrastructure Competitiveness Ranking of Thailand 2004-2011(By Factor) Source: International Institute for Management Development (2004-2011). World Competitiveness Yearbook 2004-2011.

4. Thailand’s Competitiveness (2011): Sub-Factors Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure Source: International Institute for Management Development (2011). World Competitiveness Yearbook 2011.

5. Scientific Infrastructure Ranking Source: International Institute for Management Development (2007-2011). World Competitiveness Yearbook 2007-2011.

6. Technological Infrastructure Ranking Source: International Institute for Management Development (2007-2011). World Competitiveness Yearbook 2007-2011.

7. Key S&T Indicators (International Comparison) Remark: 1) Granted patent is the average number between year 2007 and year 2009. 2) Data as of May 2011. Source: Institute for Management Development (2011). IMD World Competitiveness Online 1995-2011.

8. Drafting Process of The 1st National STI Master Plan Analysis Synthesis Information Gathering Conclusion Output Expert interviews and focus group meetings Expert panel consulting • Public Hearing in the 9th National Congress of STI for Development (January 2011) • The 14 Feb. 2011 Draft • Circulation to agencies for review • The 8 Apr. 2011 Draft Meetings with government, industry, university, and civic sector organizations Desk research and field surveys Top down Regional joint-studies of STI demand with partner universities • Chiang Mai Univ. (Upper North) • Naresuan Univ. (Lower North) • Khon Kaen Univ. (UpperNorthEast) • Suranaree Univ. of Tech. (Lower NE) • Burapha Univ. (East) • Kasetsart Univ.(Central & West) • Prince of Songkla Univ. (South) Integrated national STI database development Nationwide Public Hearings • Bangkok (STI Policy Office) • Upper North (Chiang Mai Univ.) • Lower North (Naresuan Univ.) • Upper Northeast (Khon Kaen Univ.) • Lower Northeast (Suranaree U. of Tech.) • South (Prince of Songkla Univ.) • Central & West (Kasetsart Univ.) • East (Burapha Univ.) (Draft) National STI Policy & Plan 2012-2021 Important current issues • social and lifestyle change • economy and trade • geopolitical change • powerdecentralization • health and emerging diseases • climate change • food safety and security • energy security • scientific and technological change Bottom up

9. Key Recommendations in the STI Master Plan Core Issues Courses Core Issues Courses • Core Policy • to be Imple- • mented Driving Green Innovation policy to practical implementation • Output and Outcome Quantitative and Qualitative – identified by Strategies • Mechanism and tools for driving • Linkage with the 11th Nat’l Development Plan and the 8th Nat’l Research Policy & Strategies Push for implementation plans of individual agencies Aligning the 1st STI Action Plan with both National Plans Phase 1 implementation plan with an emphasis on ASEAN integration • Work plans to address ASEAN Community • Budgeting Programmes/Projects with specific budget identified in the 1st STI Action Plan

10. From National STI Master Plan to Action Plans STI Policy Office STI Policy Committee Cabinet STI Policy Office Executive Board Suggests Approves Recommends the National STI Policy and Plan 2012-2021 Approves STI Policy Office Action Plan • Supervises and Follows up • Evaluates • Revises the Action Plan Develops Action Plans Develops Area-Based/ Sector-Specific Action Plans STI Policy Office Executive Board STI Policy Office and Related Agencies Ministry of Science and Technology STI Policy Committee Announces in the Government Gazette and Media Implements the STI Policy and Plan Approves

11. Conceptual Framework of the National Science • Technology and Innovation Master Plan 2012-2021 Ageing Society Decentralization Demographic & Social Changes STI Competition & Economic Integration Energy Security Sustainable Economy Regionalization (ASEAN+) Energy & Environment Climate Change Quality Society Social & Cultural Mobilization Natural Resource Management Green Innovation Technological Changes Eco Production & Services Creativity Platform 11

12. 12 Strategic Sectors Sustainable Economy 12

13. Strategic Social Issues to be Addressed Quality Society 13

14. Science Technology and Innovation Strategies for “Green Innovation” Climate Change Geopolitical Change Green Innovation for Quality Society and Sustainable Economic Growth Empowering Society and Local Communities Enhancing Economic Competitiveness and Flexibility Ensuring Energy, Resource and Environment Security Developing and Enhancing STI Human Capital Promoting and Supporting the Development of STI Infrastructure and Enabling Factors 14

15. 3 “Pillar” Strategies and Key Actions Moderation Reasonableness Self-Immunity The Philosophy of “Sufficiency Economy” 15

16. 2 “Foundation” Strategies and Key Actions 16

17. “Green Innovation” in Action Flood Management ASEAN+6 Green Innovation for Quality Society and Sustainable Economic Growth • Inclusive Innovation • Innovative • Community • Low Carbon Economy • Rail System • Bio-based Industry • Alternative Energy Tech • Technology Needs • for Climate Change • Talent Mobility • Science-based Technology Vocational Education • Regional Science Parks • Tax & Financial Incentives 17

18. Government Policy on Science, Technology, Research and Innovation Expedite the development of a knowledge-based society by developing the population’s general scientific knowledge to match international standards; provide more public knowledge resources through physical means such as science museums and publications and virtual means through the information technology network; and, raise standards on science and technology educational at all levels. Expedite the production of scientists, researchers and science teachers to match the demands of the country in order to support national development and pave the way for Thailand’s transformation into an innovative knowledge based economy; support professional advancement of researchers and make available opportunities for researchers both in the public and private sectors. Promote investment and cooperation between the public and private sectors, as well as higher education institutions to foster researchand development and technology transfer in support of economic and social development which encompasses the development of local wisdom, agriculture, industrial and service sectors, especially in areas that are vital to national development, such as biodiversity, and in which Thailand possesses high potential. Increase efficiency of the research management system through forming a cooperative network of relevant agencies, research institutes and higher education institutions to reduce duplication and enhance capacity; formulating a Master Plan with the objective of clarifying research objectives and placing emphasis on creating a comprehensive research plan, from basic research to its application to a finished product, thus maximizing the value chain; and, promoting investment in research with a view to reaching a level equivalent to 2% of the Gross Domestic Product. Promote the use of space technology and geo-informatics to support natural resources management, agricultural production planning, disaster prevention and relief, raising the standard of living and enhancing national competitiveness 18

19. R&D/GDP Projection (2012 – 2021) % R&D/GDP Source: Values from 1999 – 2010 are from the National Survey on R&D Expenditure. Values from 2011 – 2021 are projected by STI Office. 19

20. STI Investment Targets 2564: 2% 2559: 1% (2564) 25:10,000 (2559) 15:10,000 2559-2564 70:30 • 2009 National Survey on R&D Expenditure and Personnel of Thailand • R&D Exp = 21,493 MB • R&D Exp : Gov : Private = 13,318:8,175 MB • R&D Personnel = 57,220 (man-year) Source: National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office (January 2012) 20

21. Private R&D/GDP VS.Public R&D/GDP %Private R&D / GDP Israel Private 50: Public 50 Private 70: Public 30 Japan Sweden Korea Finland USA Taiwan Germany Denmark Singapore Luxembourg Belgium France Australia Netherlands China Canada Average Norway Russia Portugal Malaysia Brazil Lithuania Romania Thailand Philippines %Public R&D / GDP Thailand in 2011 Target 1% Sources : IMD 21

22. Strategic Sectors Hi-Value- Added Industries Rail System Health & Wellbeing Food Agriculture … … Energy ระบบวิทยาศาสตร์ เทคโนโลยีและนวัตกรรม Gov’t Procurement /Mega- Projects Fiscal/ Financial System Infra- structure System Technology Transfer System Manpower System Research System Systems Matching Grants/ Equity Financing/ VC Promotion of HR Mobility Mechanisms/Schemes Researcher Income Tax Exemption Innovation Clustering Mgnt. R&D Tax Deduction Strategic Student Financing Industrial M.Sc./Ph.D. Physical/ Institutional Infrastructures Private R&D Centers Private Innovation Districts Public Regional/ Community Science Parks Demand-based Priority Measures for Human Resources, Infrastructure and Enabling Factors Development 22

23. Science, Technology and Innovation System • Research & Development • Innovation • Technology Transfer • Utilization/Commercialization • Human Resource Development • STI Infrastructure • Enabling Environment

24. A Snapshot of Government Spending on STI System (Fiscal Year 2012 – 852 Projects 43,575.52 million Baht) Source: Data from 14 ministries, analyzed by STI Office 24

25. Krabi Initiative:Science Technology and Innovation (STI) for a Competitive , Sustainable and Inclusive ASEAN Endorsed by ASEAN S&T Ministers at the 6th IAMMST as a policy framework for STI cooperation in ASEAN ASEAN 2015 – Vision of ASEAN Leaders Rationale Roles of STI – A Balance between Competitiveness and Human Development (People-oriented STI) Reinventing ASEAN Scientific Community for a Meaningful Delivery of STI Agenda in ASEAN ASEAN Innovation for Global Market Digital Economy, New Media & Social Network Green Technology Food Security Thematic Tracks Water Management Biodiversity for Health & Wealth Science and Innovation for Life Energy Security STI for Green Society Public-Private Partnership Platform Bottom-of-the -Pyramid (BOP) Focus Youth-focused Innovation STI Enculturation Paradigm Shift Organisational restructure for a meaningful delivery of STI agenda in ASEAN Develop mechanisms to pursue partnerships and cooperation with other stakeholders in STI Courses of Action Enhance ASEAN Plan of Action on S&T for 2012-2015 and leverage the recommendations of the Krabi Retreat for development of future APAST beyond 2015 Implement monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the implementation of STI thematic tracks 25 Source: National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office - Thailand, December 2010

26. KI 8 Thematic Tracks • 1. ASEAN Innovation for Global Market • ASEAN innovation through science and technology can benefit both ASEAN and global markets. Locally, ASEAN indigenous capabilities in products and services can benefit common people, raising quality of life both in the form of appropriate and emerging technologies. Utilizing our locally available resources and innovation can also extend to the global markets and contribute to ASEAN competitiveness. • 2. Digital Economy, New Media and Social Networking • The revolution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) paves the way for a more pervasive and knowledge-based society. In this regard, ASEAN in the digital age must make sure the accessibility and affordability of ICT and useful applications covering social networking, mobile communication, disaster management, healthcare improvement and gender equality to name a few. • 3. Green Technology • Climate change is starting to show visible impact globally. In response to the increasing demand for industrial production to be more environmental friendly, STI should play a pivotal role in upgrading the industry by making use of low-carbon and cleaner technology. STI for mitigation and adaptation to climate change will be crucial for ASEAN sustainable development. • 4. Food Security • STI plays a vital role in ensuring food security for ASEAN 600 million population. From productivity improvement and optimization, appropriate mechanization of farms, appropriate food safety standards and access to adequate nutritional requirement to modern biotechnology that cater for both food and energy security. ASEAN should also extend our capacity in food production to dialogue partners including China and India.

27. KI 8 Thematic Tracks (Cont.) • 5. Energy Security • The fluctuation of oil price and the increasing global demand of energy for economic development make it necessary for ASEAN to ensure energy security in the region. STI is vital in increasing energy efficiency and developing next-generation alternative energy sources. • 6. Water Resource Management • Realizing that water is critical to both living and production, ASEAN should utilize STI in effective water management. In order to ensure stable access to clean water, innovations should be extensively promoted to facilitate water utilization and waste water treatment, mitigate disaster from flood and prevent water scarcity. • 7. Biodiversity for Health and Wealth • ASEAN is one of the most biodiversity-rich region in the world. Efforts should be made in preservation and appropriate use of this resource for the improvement of health and value creation. In this regard, STI is instrumental in collective discovery of new species, developing effective preservation methods and create values from biodiversity and its applications in food, health and energy areas. • 8. Science and Innovation for Life • The future of ASEAN is in the hands of our youth today. ASEAN youth who are well-equipped with science literacy and technology competency are the hope for ASEAN prosperity. Creativity and passion in STI instilled in our youth will pave the way for the capacity building and life-long learning of future ASEAN population. This entails innovative ecosystem in schools, vocational and higher education institutions as well as bridging learning system to professions and career path.

28. KI 5 Paradigm Shifts Mainstream science, technology and innovation (STI) into ASEAN citizens’ ways of lives. Innovation eco-systems are to be created in ASEAN community at all levels. Due recognitions are given to citizens with outstanding STI achievements as the role models. Public-Private Partnership should be strengthened through proactive dialogs and establishments of engaging platforms such as government-linked-companies and corporate social responsibility activities. • Public-Private Partnership Platform • STI Enculturation • STI for Green Society • Bottom-of-the-Pyramid Focus • Youth-Focused Innovation Green STI integration platform in its transformation towards low-carbon society. Science-based public awareness on environmental-friendly life style is to be instilled. Appropriate technologies and green innovations are to be promoted among ASEAN member countries in order to become competitive and yet remain sustainable. Special attention should be given to the majority of the ASEAN population_ the bottom-of-the-pyramid. In this regard, consideration must be accorded to the outcomes of STI addressing on human basic needs such as foods, habitat, health, and access to information and knowledge. Opportunities for young people to enhance their STI potentials and entrepreneurship are to be enlarged. Examples of measures to be taken include Young ASEAN STI Awards, cross-country attachment program and seed funding to support youth-focused innovations.

29. What’s Next • Output of Thai-Lao STI Cooperat-ion • Inputs from ASEAN Dialogue Partners AMMST ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Science and Technology • Krabi Initiative Advisory Bodies COST ASEAN Committee on Science and Technology • 6 Flagship Programs ABASF Advisory Body on t he ASEAN Science Fund SCB • APAST 2007-2011 SCFST ABAPAST Advisory Body on the ASEAN Plan of Action on Science and Technology SCIRD Sub-Committees SCMG TTF-TW SCMIT Technical Task Force on Tsunami Warning SCMSAT SCMST • Next ASEAN Plan of Action on ST (I) TWG-NPP SCNCER Technical Working Group on Nuclear Power Plant SCOSA Cooperation with DialoguePartners

30. National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Office319 Chamchuri Square Building, 14th Floor Phaya Thai Road, Pathumwan Bangkok, 10330 Thailand Tel: + 66 2160 5432-39 Fax: +66 2160 5438E-mail: info@sti.or.thhttp://www.sti.or.th