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RIDE YOUR BICYCLE UPWIND OUR TOXIC ADDICTION TO VEHICLES HAS SHORT-TERM AS WELL AS LONG-TERM EFFECTS March 10, 2008 Municipal Equipment and Operations Association (Ontario). Hamilton, Ontario. Sources B. B. The Hamilton Air Quality Initiative Clean Air Hamilton. Partners Government
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RIDE YOUR BICYCLE UPWIND OUR TOXIC ADDICTION TOVEHICLES HAS SHORT-TERM AS WELL AS LONG-TERM EFFECTSMarch 10, 2008Municipal Equipment and Operations Association (Ontario)
The Hamilton Air Quality InitiativeClean Air Hamilton Partners Government Educational Institutions Industry Non-Government Organizations Associations Consultants
Clean Air Hamilton Strategy Risk Management Approach Applied to Community Wide Actions • Identify Problem • Measure/Evaluate • Prioritize Risks • Inform Community • Cooperative Actions www.cleanair.hamilton.ca
GROUP PROCESS 50% PROCESS + 50% CONTENT = ACHIEVEMENT Forming Storming Norming Performing (Reforming)
Promulgation/Implementation Final Decision Suspended Doubt S.O.P Budget Policy Operational Doubt Organization Objectives Ethical Doubt Goals Assumptions Dreams Absolute Doubt Energy Cycle of Group Resurrection
The Problem Health Impacts of Air Pollutants in Hamilton Sahsuvaroglu & Jerrett 2003
Health Impacts in Hamilton – by Air Pollutant Sahsuvaroglu & Jerrett 2003
Pyramid of Health Effects Severity of health Impact Premature Death Hospitalizations Adult Chronic Bronchitis Emergency room visits Bronchitis in Children Asthma Symptom Days Proportion of population affected
Study Objectives“What are citizens actually exposed to and where is it coming from?” Study components • Using mobile monitoring techniques identify and rank sources, including transportation sources, of NOx, SO2, Airborne Particles and CO, (no direct local sources of Ozone). • Investigate the effect of idling vehicles at a designated school during student drop off and pickup times. • Investigate trackout/road dust issues
Clean Air Hamilton, Mobile Monitoring Studies McMaster Dept. of Engineering Physics Dept. of Chemistry RotekEnvironmental City of Hamilton Ministry of Environment School of Geography and Earth Sciences Environment Canada
National Pollutant Release Inventory, Hamilton e.g, PM10 Point Sources 56 Sources Total
NPRI Sources
Modifiers Emission - Dispersion - Accumulation - Removal
National Pollutant Release InventoryTotal Point Source Emissions by Contaminant Tonnes
What We’d Expect to See • Carbon Monoxide – 66% Transportation, 23% Industry • Sulphur Dioxide – 92% Industry, 5% Transportation • Nitrogen Oxides – 57% Transportation, 37% Industry • PM10 – 73% Open Sources/Road Dust, 18% Industry Note: MOE identified trackout/road dust resuspension as a major problem
Emission Sources by Regions in Hamilton Flamborough/Waterdown NE Ind Stny Crk East Mtn
Monitoring Technology Dashboard-mounted Garmin 18 GPS head Sampling Intakes on Roof of Vehicle
Mobile survey, HamiltonA/D Converter, Data Logger, GIS Software Garmin nRoute GIS software
City/Traffic Monitoring • City Wide Sampling • Road Dust/Road Impacts • Intersection Impacts • Arterial Road Impact/ Burlington St. • Cycle Routes/ Anti Idling
Residential Sample NO ppb Industry Wind
PM10 ug/m3 Residential Sample Industry Wind
Air Standards Oxides of Nitrogen - 300 ppb Sulphur Dioxide - 320 ppb Carbon Monoxide - 5 ppm PM 2.5 - 30 ug/m3 PM 10 (U.S.) - 150 ug/m3
Burlington St Contribution (Approx. 600 Trucks/Hr)
The Problem Health Impacts of Air Pollutants in Hamilton Sahsuvaroglu & Jerrett 2003
Traffic Exposure and Myocardial Infarction (Higher Impacts on Women and Over 60s) Exposure to Traffic and the Onset of Myocardial Infarction, A. Peters et al, NEJM, Oct 21, 2004
Level of Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and the Risk of Death from Cardiovascular Causes in Women Miller KA et al. N Engl J Med 2007;356:447-458