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Welcome !

Welcome !. A short overview of nuclear facilities and activities at LNS M. Lattuada. CONTENTS : Beam production facilities Biggest detection facilities Nuclear research activities. Some LNS Numbers. LNS staff: ~ 120 ( ~ 35 physicists and engineers)

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Welcome !

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  1. Welcome ! A short overview of nuclear facilities and activities at LNS M. Lattuada

  2. CONTENTS: • Beam production facilities • Biggest detection facilities • Nuclear research activities

  3. Some LNS Numbers • LNS staff: ~120 (~ 35 physicists and engineers) • Researchers from other institutions: ~20 • Fellows, Post-doc, … : ~40 • Graduate/undergraduate students: ~40 USERS (participants in at least one experiment at LNS in the last 3 years): 545 (180 from abroad) • Physics research: • Nuclear physics (experimental and theoretical) • Nuclear and sub-nuclear astrophysics Interdisciplinary and technologicalresearch: • Accelerators and ion sources • Informatics • Plasma physics • Biophysics - Radiobiology • Cultural heritage • Ion beam therapy

  4. Layout of the experimental areas MAGNEX CHIMERA PROTON THERAPY O° 2O° CICLOPE 4O° 6O° MEDEA-SOLE-MACISTE 8O° TANDEM EXCYT CYCLOTRON ECR SOURCES PRE-INJECTOR

  5. TANDEM The LNS Tandem accelerator Stable beams at LNS

  6. CYCLOTRON The LNS K800 Superconducting Cyclotron canaccelerate ions up to 80 MeV/amu Stable beams at LNS

  7. EXCYT First beam:8Li (13C beam + graphite target) Last experiment: primary beam 100 W -> average intensity 7· 104 pps) Bottleneck: CEC efficiency ~3 % There is still room for improvement … Radioactive beams at LNS

  8. FRIBs Fragment Separator Final Focus Production Target Radioactive beams at LNS

  9. Secondary Target Secondary Ion Si-Strip 2424 (A,Z), E Tagged Ion (ΔE,ToF) (x,y) Tagging Technique • The basic idea is to identify • one-by-one each single ion • Charge and mass (Z,A) • Position (x,y) • Energy E 20Ne+9Be Radioactive beams at LNS

  10. MEDEA - SOLE - MACISTE SOLE Superconducting Solenoid 00  60 MACISTE 8 gas plastic position sensitive detectors  60 MEDEA 180 BaF2detectors 300   1800 Detection systems at LNS

  11. CHIMERA Be Li HI a 3He t d p CsI (Tl) Si ΔE(Si)-E(CsI) Z - identification PSD in CsI(Tl) Z,A for ligth ions 1192 ΔE(Si)-ToF A - identification for particles stopped in Silicon 3-12 cm ~300 μm PSD in Silicon Z - identification for particles stopped in Silicon ΔE(Si)-E(CsI) Z,A for ligth ions (Z<10) Detection systems at LNS

  12. MAGNEX Detection systems at LNS

  13. Targets: 27Al, 19F, 27Al,12C, WO3, 28Si Nuclei investigated: 19O, 27Mg for spectroscopy and 12C,16O,28Alto measure the strength of Fermi (0+), GT (1+) and SD(0-,1-,2-) transitions 52 MeV beam energy 7Be ejectiles detected by MAGNEX spectrometer Angular setting Data Analysis under way First MAGNEX experiments: (7Li,7Be) CEX reaction December 2007 - July 2008 Tandem experiments at LNS

  14. Multineutron transfer induced by 18O tandem beams High resolution spectroscopy of light neutron rich nuclei via multineutron transfer using tandem 18O beam 12,13C(18O,15,16,17O)to study the 13,14,15,16C nuclei at Einc= 84 MeV Next: the use of a 14C target will extend the exoticity of the nuclei that can be studied (16,17C) Tandem experiments at LNS

  15. The 13C(18O,16O)15C reaction (2009 experiments) 12.9 12.9 10,8 10,8 13C target 50 μg/cm2 thick Average energy resolution ~ 250 keV (FWHM) Angular resolution in the CM reference ~1.5 (FWHM) New collective states between 10 and 15 MeV? 10,8 12.9 Tandem experiments at LNS

  16. The trojan horse method for resonant reactions: the AGB case In the “Trojan Horse Method” (THM) the cross section of an astrophysically relevant reaction A(x,c)c’, can be measured by measuring the three body A(b,cc’)scross section, where b can be described as x+s: Upper vertex: direct b breakup into x+s With a proper choice of the detection configuration, the cross section of the 2-body reaction at sub-Coulomb energy can be deduced from the 3-body one at energy above the barrier. s b x c A c’ Lower vertex: virtual A(x,c)c’ reaction In the case of a resonant two body reaction the resonance parameters, and in particular the strength, can be extracted through a modified R-Matrix procedure Tandem experiments at LNS

  17. The 15N(p,)12C reaction The 15N(p,)12C, 18O(p,)15N and 17O(p,)14N reactions are crucial to investigate N and O isotopic ratios in AGB stars and constrain their evolution • Low energy direct data show a large spread: extrapolation to energies of astrophysical importance is critical • The THM allows to extend the measurement to zero energy: • no extrapolation • no electron screening Recommended value for S(0): 735 MeVb La Cognata et al. PRC 80 (2009) 012801 Tandem experiments at LNS

  18. The 18O(p,)15N reaction In case of a narrow resonance the reaction rate is determined by the resonance strengths  First time observation of the 20 keV resonance in the 18O+p interaction Absolute values of the strengths obtained by normalizing to the known resonance at 144 keV La Cognata et al. PRL 101 (2008) 152501 La Cognata et al. ApJ 708 (2010) 796 Tandem experiments at LNS

  19. Reaction cross section s(9Be)=1.1b, s(10Be) ≈1.2b s(11Be) ≈2.7b Structure effects in collisions induced by halo nuclei Elastic scattering 9,10,11Be+64Zn @Ecm=24.5MeV Experiments performed at LNS and ISOLDE Similar elastic scattering angular distribution measured for 9,10Be+64Zn . 11Be+64Zn scattering exhibits a strong suppression of the elastic cross section at small angles  absorption occurring at large distances due to 11Be halo structure. No effect observed for the weakly bound 9Be 11Be+64Zn 10Be+64Zn 9Be+64Zn 11Be+64Zn break-up/transfer angular distribution s≈1.1b The large break-up cross section partially due to break-up/transfer events(srec/sbu-tr ≈0.4) Tandem experiments at LNS

  20. CHIMERA results <N/Z> 3 2 1 1 3 Li Be B C Time-scale measurement of IMF products neutron enrichment of IMF emitted from the neck PRC 71(2005)044602 Dynamical fission in 112,124Sn+58,64Ni at 35 MeV/A and 197Au+197Au at 15 MeV/A PRL 101 (2008)262701 CS experiments at LNS

  21. CHIMERA: very recent results Bose condensate 3-a correlations to measure the size of the emitter 15B 11Li 8He 40Ca + 12C 3 a coincidences Study of nuclei at the drip line with FRIBs fragmentation beams 12B+delastic scattering The 4p detector allows kinematical coincidence to extract angular distributions for elastic and inelastic processes using radioactive beams CS experiments at LNS

  22. The first EXCYT experiments were designed for low intensity beam • BIGBANG:4He(8Li,n)integrated cross section (~ 102 mb) • RCS:measurement of 8Li + 28Si total reactioncross section • using an active 28Si target • RSM:8Li + 4He scattering excitation function in a single run, • with the resonant scattering method on thick gas target EXCYT experiments at LNS

  23. Resonant elastic scattering on thick helium target to look for 8Li-aconfigurations of 12B Start ToF 4He gas StopToF • Useful in experiments with low intensity beams: excitation function measured in a single run. • Scattering cross section measured at 180o c. m. angle BUT … • … angular and energy resolution change with energy • … accurate knowledge of stopping power is needed a Calculated ToF vsDE ToF discriminates elastic events from inelastic scattering events EXCYT experiments at LNS E E a 8Li 8Li* t2 t1

  24. Preliminary 1 nsec resolution Eexc~ 1 MeV ToF Elastic counts counts Inelastic DE(MeV) EXCYT experiments at LNS

  25. Two-proton decay: the 18Ne case Two-proton radioactivity • predicted in the 60’s (Goldansky) • Two particle correlations in nuclei • Role of the pairing 18Ne beam produced at 35 MeV/u by 20Ne projectile fragmentation The 6.15MeVstate populated by Coulomb excitation (E1 transition) on Pb target Full detection and identification of decay products Energy, angle and relative momentum correlations FRIBs experiments at LNS

  26. 208Pb 18Ne 2He 18Ne* 16O 208Pb 18Ne 18Ne* 16O Hunting for pp decay G. Raciti, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 192503(2008) (669)% direct three-body (32)% virtual sequential (317)% 2He decay FRIBs experiments at LNS

  27. Work in progress • New EXCYT beams (15O ?) • FRIBs: • front-end and tagging detector: high rate capability • improvement of CS extraction line transport and acceptance • New chamber for SERSE (under construction) improved intensity (good for EXCYT and FRIBs) • Coupling of EDEN with MAGNEX ?

  28. High energy astrophysics NEMO interstellar radiation and matter neutrinos far cosmic “accelerator” (particle energy>1017eV) protons electromagnetic radiation (radio, light, UV, X, gamma) Optical modules Cherenkov light “Submarine Telescope” for very high energy neutrinos. It will allow to explore regions and phenomena in the Universe never observed so far muon neutrino Neutrino observatory project at LNS

  29. NEMO European framework KM3NeT • Consortium of the Institutes that develops and supports the pilot projects in the Mediterranean Sea. Consists of Institutes from 10 European Countries (Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Romania, Spain, U.K.) • Large European Research Infrastructure • Included in the first roadmap for the European RI of the ESFRI • Design Study project • Approved under the 6th FP • Conclusion in October 2009 with publication of the Technical Design Report • Preparatory Phase project • Approved under the 7th FP, started on March 1st 2008 • Coordinated by INFN-LNS Neutrino observatory project at LNS

  30. NEMO Phase1 project:a test site in Catania An underwater infrastructure has been realized by the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud to test detector prototypes A seismic and environmental observatory of INGV has been installed and connected to the EO cable SN-1 Shore station North branch 5.220 m Single shielded cable (20.595 m) Double-shielded cable (2.330 m) BU South branch 5.000 m • Project jointly funded by INFN and MIUR: • Realization of shore and deep sea infrastructures • Design and realization of a subsystem of the km3 including key elements of the detector • Deployment and connection of a junction box and a fully instrumented detector module consisting in a four storey tower • Study of the water properties and of the seabed morphology Neutrino observatory project at LNS

  31. NEMO Phase2 project:a deep sea station at Capo Passero • OBJECTIVES • Realization of an underwater infrastructure at a depth of 3500 m in the Capo Passero site • Test of the detector installation procedures at 3500 m • Installation of a 16 storey tower • Long term monitoring of the site • PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE • Shore station in Portopalo di Capo Passero to host the power feeding and the data acquisition systems • 100 km electro-optical cable connecting the underwater infrastructures with the shore station • STATUS • The electro-optical cable (about 40 kW) has been deployed • A building located inside the harbor area of Portopalo has been renovated to host the shore station. • A 16 storey tower has been deployed last month to test the • structure and the installation operations from the point of view of mechanics Neutrino observatory project at LNS

  32. That's all ! Thanks

  33. Primary beam power CEC (10 keV) 8Li- Through platforms 8Li- Through 2nd stage LEBI1 8Li+ Tandem entrance Through Tandem @7MV On target 8Li3+ 2.8% 100% 100% 100% 70% 47% 100watt 5.4•106 1.5•105 1.5 • 105 1.5 • 105 1.5 • 105 5.0 • 104 7.0 • 104 bottleneck Production with the sliced target is at least 3 times the value found with the former cylinder target Tandem transmission can still be increased by improving beam optics and moreover it will be higher at larger terminal voltages With a primary beam of 200 Watt an intensity close to2·105 pps can be obtained Radioactive beams at LNS

  34. Production Results • Proton rich with 58Ni+27Aland 20Ne+9Be • Neutron rich with 40Ar+9Be • Light proton rich with 12C+9Be 18Ne,17F Production (May-June 2009) 300÷400 enA of primary 20Ne beam 60 kHz of secondary beam on the tagging detector  5 kHz of 18Ne and  3 kHz of 17F Radioactive beams at LNS

  35. 89 THREE-FOLD TELESCOPE ARRAY 81 TWO-FOLD TELESCOPE ARRAY HODO-CT Detection systems at LNS

  36. Search for cluster structures in n-rich B isotopes Aim of the experiment was to search for possible a + 8Li configurations of 12B, by looking at resonances in the elastic scattering of the two components in inverse kinematics Ebeam~30 MeV 10 MeV< Eexc<20 MeV Theoretical calculations (AMD) predict the existence of Li-He structures in B isotopes. Kanada-En’yo & Horiuchi, PR C52(1995)647 EXCYT experiments at LNS

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