1 / 8

Upanishads

Upanishads. Kyle Burke and Kyle Mann. What are The Upanishads?. The Upanishads are a series of philosophical works in the Hindu religion. There are over 200 known Upanishads. The most important Upanishads are the first dozen, which are referred to as “old Upanishads.”

zia
Download Presentation

Upanishads

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Upanishads Kyle Burke and Kyle Mann

  2. What are The Upanishads? • The Upanishads are a series of philosophical works in the Hindu religion. There are over 200 known Upanishads. • The most important Upanishads are the first dozen, which are referred to as “old Upanishads.” • The oldest of the 12 were known as the Brihadaranyaka, and Chandogya. These Upanishads were composed during the pre- Buddhist era in India. • New Upanishads were composed in the medieval and early modern period. • The Muktika gives a list of 108 Upanishads. • 108 Upanishads are listed due to the fact this corresponds to the holy Hindi number of beads on a Hindu rosary or mala.

  3. Who Wrote the Upanishads? • The Upanishads are attributed to a number of authors, mainly those being Yajnavalkya and UddalakaAruni for the “Old Upanishads.” • More modern Upanishads are composed by Shwetaketu, Shandilya, Aiterya, Pippalada and Sanat Kumara. • Max Müller was responsible for the first translation of a Upanishad. He later went on to translate 170 of them.

  4. So What are the Upanishads About? • In general, the Upanishads are the concluding part of the Brahmanas. When going from the conclusion to the start of the Brahmanas, this is known as Aranyakas. • The Brahmanas are part of the Hindu literature. They are generally commentaries on the four Vedas, thus offering insight on the proper performance of rituals. • Older Upanishads attack the increasing intensity on the Vedic rituals. • The spirit of the Upanishads is extremly opposed to any ritual.

  5. What does Upanishad Mean? • Interestingly enough, the term Upanishad, actually spelt (Upanisad) is derived from three words. • (Upa) meaning nearby. • (Ni) meaning at the proper place, down. • (sad) meaning sitting down near. • This implies sitting near a teacher to receive instruction.

  6. Philosophy of The Upanishads • The Brahman is the universal spirit. • The Atman is the individual self. • These two words must be understood to grasp the meanings of the Upanishads. • Upanishad readers follow a Cosmo- Theo- Psychological approach. • Cosmologically one involved looking beyond the Upanishad. • The Psychological approach would involve looking towards one’s self. • Theologically one would look upward towards god.

  7. Criticism • “They are the work of a rude age, a deteriorated race, and a barbarous and unprogressive community.” • – Early European Writer • In supposing the existence of a permanent reality, or "substance", beneath the shifting series of phenomena, whether of matter or of mind. The substance of the cosmos was "Brahma", that of the individual man "Atman"; and the latter was separated from the former only, if I may so speak, by its phenomenal envelope, by the casing of sensations, thoughts and desires, pleasures and pains, which make up the illusive phantasmagoria of life. This the ignorant, take for reality; their "Atman" therefore remains eternally imprisoned in delusions, bound by the fetters of desire and scourged by the whip of misery.” • -Thomas Huxley.

  8. The End!

More Related