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THE BIOSPHERE CH. 3

THE BIOSPHERE CH. 3. I. ECOLOGY IS:. THE INTERACTIONS OF BIOTIC WORLD WITH THE ABIOTIC WORLD. ABIOTIC - “PERTAINING TO THE NONLIVING WORLD.” EX. ? BIOTIC - “PERTAINING TO THE LIVING WORLD.” EX. ?. ECOSYSTEM -. “Where the abiotic meets the biotic.”

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THE BIOSPHERE CH. 3

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  1. THE BIOSPHERECH. 3

  2. I. ECOLOGY IS: THE INTERACTIONS OF BIOTIC WORLD WITH THE ABIOTIC WORLD.

  3. ABIOTIC - “PERTAINING TO THE NONLIVING WORLD.” • EX. ? • BIOTIC - “PERTAINING TO THE LIVING WORLD.” • EX. ?

  4. ECOSYSTEM - • “Where the abiotic meets the biotic.” • Ex. - your backyard, campus, neck of a dog….& • Nemo’s backyard!!!

  5. II. Biotic Parts of an Ecosystem Producers/ autotrophs … Ex…

  6. EXCEPTION TO THE RULE!!! • SOME AUTOTROPHS CAN “MAKE FOOD” WITHOUT LIGHT. • CHEMOSYNTHESIS IS THE USE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS SUCH AS HYDROGEN SULFIDE TO MAKE FOOD FOR ENERGY.

  7. B. Consumers/heterotrophs … • Types of consumers: • Primary consumers (Herbivores) • Secondary cons. (Omnivores) • Tertiary cons. • (Carnivores)

  8. C. Decomposers Primary Detritivore – Feed on detritus – dead plants/animals, fecal wastes Ex. Earthworms, bacteria, fungi Secondary detritivore – feed on Prim. Detritivore Ex. Millipedes, insect larvae

  9. So the order is.... • Prod. --> Prim. Cons. --> Sec. Cons. --> Tert. Cons. --> Decomp. --> Prod.......... And everything repeats!!

  10. Food Chain - indicates a single flow of NRG through the ecosystem Ex. ?

  11. Food Web - indicates the flow of NRG throughout the entire ecosystem

  12. Figure 3-8 A Food Web Go to Section:

  13. III. Energy Pyramid “Big at the bottom! Small at the top!!” Shows “how much” nrg and nutrients are available in the ecosystem.

  14. The available amount of nrg decreases as it “moves” up to the top. Each level is called a trophic level. Most of the nrg is lost as heat.

  15. Biomass pyramid shows- • total weight of all organisms at each trophic level. • Decrease is because much of the biomass is: • used as NRG, instead of becoming tissue, & • Broken down by decomposers.

  16. IV. What Shapes an Ecosystem? • The interaction between: • a. abiotic factors, • b. biotic factors, & c. abiotic & biotic factors together.

  17. A. Habitat - “where an organism lives” • Ex. Pond, under a rock, on tree bark...

  18. B. Niche - “what an organism does” Ex. Eats leaves, feeds on dead animals...

  19. Organisms, whether the same or different, must interact within their ecological community.This is Symbiosis.

  20. V. Symbiosis - “pertaining to living together” • 1. Mutualism - both are benefitting. Ex. ??

  21. 2. Commensalism - one benefits & one gains nothing. Ex. ??

  22. Tomato hornworm & wasp pupae 3. Parasitism - one benefits (parasite) & one is harmed (host) Ex. ??

  23. 4. Competition - two or more organisms competing for limited resources. Ex. ??

  24. The End!! • 5. Predation - one being “chased” & one doing the “chasing” Ex. ??

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