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GSM AND CDMA (WIRELESS & MOBILE COMMN.) ECE-6 TH SEM.

GSM AND CDMA (WIRELESS & MOBILE COMMN.) ECE-6 TH SEM. BY:- ER. SUKHWINDERPAL SINGH SENIOR LECTURER(ECE) GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE FOR GIRLS LUDHIANA. GSM. GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS OPEN DIGITAL CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY USED TO TRANSMIT MOBILE VOICE AND DATA

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GSM AND CDMA (WIRELESS & MOBILE COMMN.) ECE-6 TH SEM.

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  1. GSM AND CDMA (WIRELESS & MOBILE COMMN.) ECE-6TH SEM. BY:- ER. SUKHWINDERPAL SINGH SENIOR LECTURER(ECE) GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE FOR GIRLS LUDHIANA Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  2. GSM • GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS • OPEN DIGITAL CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY • USED TO TRANSMIT MOBILE VOICE AND DATA • ORIGINALLY DRIVEN FROM Groupe Special Mobile, THE MOST POPULAR STANDARD FOR MOBILE PHONES IN WORLD • CONSIDERED AS 2ND GENERATION (2G) SYSTEM Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  3. FEATURES OF GSM • INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR MOBILE SERVICE • OFFERS NUMBER OF SERVICES LIKE VOICE , SMS, FAX , VOICE MAIL AND CALL FORWARDING & CALLER ID • HIGH MOBILITY • HIGHER CAPACITY • WORLDWIDE ROAMING Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  4. FREQUENCY BANDS IN GSM • DUAL BAND • TRI BAND • QUAD BAND Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  5. DUAL BAND • OPERATES ON 900 MHz AND 1800 MHz • MOBILE PHONES SUPPORTING DUAL BAND CAN BE USED IN WORLD WHERE 900 MHz AND 1800 MHz FREQUENCIES ARE USED • FOUND IN ALL CONTINENTS USUALLY i.e. EUROPE ,ASIA, AFRICA, AUSTRALIA AND SOUTH AFRICA Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  6. TRI BAND • THREE FREQUENCIES ARE SUPPORTED IN TRI BAND • 900 MHz • 1800 MHz • 1900 MHz • ALSO SUPPORTED WORLDWIDE Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  7. QUAD BAND • FOUR FREQUENCIES SUPPORTED IN QUAD BAND • 850 MHz • 900 MHz • 1800 MHz • 1900 MHz • ALSO SUPPORTED WORLD WIDE Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  8. GSM NETWORK AREAS • CELL • LOCATION AREA • MSC/VLR SERVICE AREA • PLM Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  9. CELL • BASIC SERVICE AREA COVERED BY ONE BTS • EACH CELL HAS UNIQUE NUMBER KNOWN AS CELL GLOBAL IDENTITY(CGI) Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  10. LOCATION AREA • GROUP OF CELLS • AREA THAT IS PAGED WHEN A SUBSCRIBER GETS INCOMING CALL • EACH LOCATION AREA IS PROVIDED A LOCATION AREA IDENTITY (LAI)AND SERVED BY ONE OR MORE BSCs Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  11. PLM • AREA COVERED BY ONE NETWORK OPERATOR • A PLM CONTAINS ONE OR MORE MSCs Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  12. GSM ARCHITECTURE Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  13. BASE STATION NETWORK SWITCHING PUBLIC NETWORK GSM NETWORK STAGES Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  14. MOBILE SERVICES SWITCHING CENTRE • PERFORMS THE SWITCHING OF CALLS BETWEEN THE MOBILE AND NETWORK USERS • MANAGEMENT OF MOBILE SERVICES SUCH AS AUTHENTICATION Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  15. MOBILE STATION • THE MOBILE STATION (MS) CONSISTS OF THE PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT: • THE RADIO TRANSCEIVER • DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS • SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE (SIM). • THE SIM PROVIDES PERSONAL MOBILITY Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  16. BY INSERTING THE SIM CARD INTO ANOTHER GSM CELLULAR PHONE, THE USER IS ABLE TO RECEIVE CALLS AT THAT PHONE. SIM Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  17. SIM • THE SIM CARD CONTAINS THE INTERNATIONAL MOBILE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY (IMSI), • THE SIM CARD MAY BE PROTECTED AGAINST UNAUTHORIZED USE BY A PASSWORD OR PERSONAL IDENTITY NUMBER Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  18. BASE STATION SUBSYTEM • BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF TWO PARTS: • THE BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION (BTS) • THE BASE STATION CONTROLLER (BSC). Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  19. THE BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION HANDLES THE RADIO LINK PROTOCOLS WITH THE MOBILE STATION BTS Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  20. BASE STATION CONTROLLER THE BSC HANDLES :- • RADIO CHANNEL SETUP • FREQUENCY HOPPING • HANDOVERS Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  21. THE BSC IS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE MOBILE AND THE MOBILE SERVICE SWITCHING CENTER (MSC). BSC Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  22. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  23. THE CENTRAL COMPONENT OF THE NETWORK SUBSYSTEM . IT ACTS LIKE A NORMAL SWITCHING NODE OF THE PSTN OR ISDN MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE (MSC) Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  24. ROLE OF MSC • REGISTRATION • AUTHENTICATION • LOCATION UPDATING • HANDOVERS • CALL ROUTING TO A ROAMING SUBSCRIBER Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  25. HOME LOCATION REGISTER HLR THE HLR CONTAINS ALL THE ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION OF EACH SUBSCRIBER REGISTERED IN THE CORRESPONDING GSM NETWORK AND CURRENT LOCATION OF THE MOBILE Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  26. VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER -VLR VLR CONTAINS SELECTED ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION FROM THE HLR, TO CALL CONTROL FOR EACH MOBILE LOCATED IN THE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA CONTROLLED BY THE VLR. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  27. EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER (EIR) FOR AUTHENTICATION AND SECURITY PURPOSES. (EIR) CONTAINS A LIST OF ALL VALID MOBILE EQUIPMENT ON THE NETWORK EACH MOBILE STATION IS IDENTIFIED BY ITS INTERNATIONAL MOBILE EQUIPMENT IDENTITY (IMEI). Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  28. IMEI • AN IMEI IS MARKED AS INVALID IF IT HAS BEEN REPORTED STOLEN OR IS NOT TYPE APPROVED. • THE AUTHENTICATION CENTER IS A PROTECTED DATABASE THAT STORES A COPY OF THE SECRET KEY STORED IN EACH SUBSCRIBER'S SIM CARD, WHICH IS USED FOR AUTHENTICATION Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  29. CDMA • CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS TO ALLOW MANY USERS TO SHARE SIMULTANEOUSLY A FINITE AMOUNT OF RADIO SPECTRUM FOR HIGH QUALITY OF COMMUNICATION WITHOUT DEGRADATION IN PERFORMANCE OF THE SYSTEM Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  30. CDMA • THE NARROW BAND MESSAGE SIGNAL IS MULTIPLIED BY A VERY LARGE BANDWIDTH SIGNAL CALLED THE SPREADING SIGNAL • ALL USERS USE THE SAME CARRIER FFREQUENCY AND MAY TRANSMIT SIMULTANEOUSLY Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  31. CDMA SPECTRUM Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  32. CDMA WITH TIME OR FREQUENCY DIVISION DUPLEX Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  33. GSM ADVANTAGES • USED WORLDWIDE WITH OVER 500 MILLION SUBSCRIBERS • INTERNATIONAL ROAMING PERMITS TO USE ONE PHONE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD • STARTED IN MID – 80s. THUS HAS BECOME MORE STABLE WITH ROBUST FEATURES Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  34. CDMA ADVANTAGES • INCREASED CELLULAR COMMUNICATION SECURITY • SIMULTANEOUS CONVERSATIONS • INCREASED EFFICIENCY • SMALLER SIZED PHONES • LOW POWER REQUIREMENTS • EXTENDED REACH Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  35. CDMA DISADVANTAGES • PROPRIETARY NATURE, SO ALL FLAWS NOT KNOWN • RELATIVELY NEW TECHNOLOGY SO LESS MATURE THAN GSM • CANNOT OFFER INTERNATIONAL ROAMING • VOICE QUALITY POOR THAN GSM Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  36. THE GSM HAS UPPER HAND IN FOLLOWING FIELDS DATA TRANSFER SPEED NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL ROAMING SIM COST FACTOR VOICE QUALITY THE CDMA HAS UPPER HAND IN FOLLOWING FIELDS SECURED COMMUNICATION RADIATION LEVEL BANDWIDTH POWER CONSUMPTION AREA COVERAGE COMPARISON OF CDMA AND GSM Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  37. CONCLUSION IN GENERAL , ONE CAN SAY THAT BOTH GSM AND CDMA ARE LATEST AND EQUALLY GOOD TECHNOLOGIES HAVING BOTH GOOD AND BAD QUALITIES Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  38. FUTURE ASPECTS IT LOOKS THAT COMBINATION OF GSM AND CDMA WILL BECOME THE LONG SOUGHT EVENT FOR A GLOBAL WIRELESS STANDARD FOR UNIVERSALIZATION OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES TO GET COMPLETE COMPATIBILITY BENEFITS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  39. MOBILE TRACKING Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  40. MOBILE TRACKING • MOBILE PHONE TRACKING REFERS TO THE ATTAINING OF THE CURRENT POSITION OF A MOBILE PHONE, STATIONARY OR MOVING. MOBILE POSITIONING, WHICH INCLUDES LOCATION BASED SERVICE THAT DISCLOSES THE ACTUAL COORDINATES OF A MOBILE PHONE BEARER Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  41. MOBILE TRACKING (contd.) • A TECHNOLOGY USED BY TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY TO APPROXIMATE WHERE MOBILE PHONE IS PRESENT IN THE GEOGRAPHICALLOCATION Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  42. MOBILE TRACKING (contd.) • LOCALIZATION MAY OCCUR EITHER VIA MULTILATERATION OR GEOLOCATION OF RADIO SIGNALS BETWEEN (SEVERAL) RADIO TOWERS OF THE NETWORK AND THE PHONE, OR BY GPS. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  43. MOBILE TRACKING (Contd.) • THE TECHNOLOGY OF LOCATING IS BASED ON MEASURING POWER LEVELS AND ANTENNA PATTERNS AND USES THE CONCEPT THAT A MOBILE PHONE ALWAYS COMMUNICATES WIRELESSLY WITH ONE OF THE CLOSEST BASE STATIONS, SO KNOWLEDGE OF THE LOCATION OF THE BASE STATION IMPLIES THE CELL PHONE IS NEARBY. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  44. MOBILE TRACKING (Contd.) • ADVANCED SYSTEMS DETERMINE THE SECTOR IN WHICH THE MOBILE PHONE RESIDES AND ROUGHLY ESTIMATE ALSO THE DISTANCE TO THE BASE STATION. FURTHER APPROXIMATION IS DONE TO LOCATE THE EXACT POSITION OF THE MOBILE . Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  45. SUMMARY • GSM ARCHITECTURE • CDMA ARCHITECTURE • ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BOTH GSM AND CDMA • COMPARISON OF GSM AND CDMA • FUTURE ASPECTS • MOBILE TRACKING Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

  46. THANK YOU Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

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