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The roles visually impaired users in the development of assistive technologies

The roles visually impaired users in the development of assistive technologies. Tersia // Gowases . Roman Bednarik . Markku Tukiainen. Visual impairement refers to a range of visual abilities and limitations. Field of view. …. Color. Sighted. Blind. …. Contrast. Acuity.

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The roles visually impaired users in the development of assistive technologies

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  1. The roles visually impaired usersin the development of assistive technologies Tersia //Gowases . Roman Bednarik . MarkkuTukiainen

  2. Visual impairementrefers to a range of visualabilities and limitations Field of view … Color Sighted Blind … Contrast Acuity

  3. ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factorsin Computing Systems 9410 Total publications (1981-2012) 2468 Full text search 33 VI publications (0.35% CHI articles) 6% VI worldwide (WHO, 2010)

  4. We identified 46 study cases from the 33 papers that reported involving VI participants A B A Single study paper Multi study paper

  5. System development research process Construct conceptual framework • State meaningful research questions • Review literature for new ideas and approaches Design & develop system architecture • Define system functionalities and constraints • Design unique architecture • Define measureable requirements Build system (prototype) • Produce high or low fidelity system prototype • Demonstrate the feasibility of the design & theory Observe & evaluate system • Evaluate the usability and performance Nunamaker et al (1990)

  6. The roles of research participants Allison Druin (2002)

  7. Role of VI participants at the different phases of system development

  8. Role: User • VI users contribute to the development of process by using the technology • User feedback is collected indirectly (observations, videotape, think aloud) as they interact with the technology • Laboratory observations

  9. Role: Tester • VI • VI participants test the developed system. • Measureable data (usability, performance measures) is collected as participant interacts with the system • Participant feedback is indirect (observation or data logs). • Findings can be used to validate or adapt system • Laboratory studies, field studies, remote studies

  10. Role: Informant • Informants are similar to testers, however they provide information on their subjective opinions and experiences, in addition to measurable data. • Informants are used in different phases of the development “based on when researchers believe [they] can inform the design process” [Druin, 2002] • Surveys (interviews and questionnaires).

  11. Role: Co-designer • VI As co-designers visually impaired participants actively take part in the iterative design of the system. • Continuous feedback as VI are members of small design teams which also included sighted users • Example [O17]: 1 blind audio designer, 1 blind haptic designer and 1 sighted audio designer during the design of their assistive haptic feedback application.

  12. National Federation for the Blind Jernigan Institute • Research and training center developed and directed by the blind themselves • 2004 Challenge: “In collaboration with the NFB--to build interface technologies that will empower blind people to drive a car independently. ”

  13. Virgina Tech solution to blind driver challenge http://www.ted.com/talks/dennis_hong_making_a_car_for_blind_drivers.html

  14. Google’s self driving car http://youtu.be/cdgQpa1pUUE

  15. Implications of sightless driving • Estimated $2 Trillion Industry • Drunk drivers • Car pools • Working in transit • Texting and being on the phone while driving • Fewer accidents (I hope) … • Self driving cars are now legal in Nevada and California (2012)

  16. Involve participants at all phases of development process

  17. References • Druin, A. The role of children in the design of new technology Behaviour & Information Technology (2002), 21, 1-25. • Nunamaker, J. F.; Chen, M. & Purdin, T. D. M. Systems development in information systems research Journal of Management Information Systems. M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1990, 7, 89-106. • Google selfdrivingcar. http://youtu.be/cdgQpa1pUUE • Airpixcar for blinddriverhttp://www.ted.com/talks/dennis_hong_making_a_car_for_blind_drivers.html • Blinddriverchallengehttp://www.blinddriverchallenge.org/about-the-blind-driver-challenge

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