AP World History Chapter 2

1. AP World HistoryChapter 2 Classical Civilization China

3. Zhou dynasty • Revolt so fierce that the blood in the streets of the capital was deep enough to float blocks of wood.

4. Zhou Mandate of Heaven • Mandate of heaven • Government receives it right to govern by heaven approval. • The responsibility of people to overthrow governments when ruler loses the approval of the Gods. • Governments lose approval if they are unjust and ineffective.

5. Zhou dynasty:1100-750 B.C. • Zhou (Pronounced like “Joe”) • Zhou acquired most of the Shang Culture and Technology • Last Shang King was said to be a physical giant and monster of depravity among his cruelties was that he made drinking cups of the skulls of his vanquished enemies. • Slaves and Zhou vassals revolted against Shang cruelties. (1050 B.C.)

6. Heaven Commands Me • The Justification of the political change of these tough frontiersman barbarian was that the iniquity of Shang is full “Heaven commands me to destroy it.”

7. Zhou Economic Growth • Iron tools like axes and ox drawn iron plows replaced wooden farm tools. • Made farming better because farmers could produce more food. • First time coin money began to be used. • Made trade better because a merchant could carry money a lot easier then a herd of cows.

8. Zhou Political System • Political system like feudal Europe • Serfdom and Hereditary Lords • Land is endowed for oaths of military service. • Local Lords were culturally and linguistically different.

9. Zhou Destruction • 771 Wei Valley capital of Zhou is sacked • Vassals become rival states. • Qui in the west • Jin in the north • Yan to north east • Chu to the south • Qi to east • No dominant Chinese culture or National identity

10. Class Divisions • A Sharp class division existedbetween the landowning aristocracy, educated bureaucrats and laboring masses.

11. Warring States 400-225 B.C.E

12. Chaos and War • War becomes larger in scale and more ruthless • Stronger states conquered and absorbed weaker ones. • In response to crisis schools of thought were introduced • Confucianism • Daoism • Legalism

14. Confucianism • Confucianism • People could live together peacefully by recognizing their roles in networks of relationships • The family is an example of how relationships linked people together.

15. Five Great Relationships • Confucianism • The five great relationships are those between • Ruler and subject • Father and son • Husband and wife • Elder and younger brother • Friend and friend

16. Confucianism and Government • Confucianism • Each of the five involved both hierarchy and reciprocity. • In each pair, one role was superior and one, inferior; one role led and the other followed. • Yet each involved mutual obligations and responsibilities. • Failure to properly fulfill one’s role could lead to the abrogation of the relationship

17. Effects of Confucianism • Confucianism • People not fulfilling their roles undermined Zhou regime. • People should engage in learning both to develop his personal moral character and to gain knowledge that is useful in serving others.

18. Daoism • Goal was to live in harmony with nature. • Rejection of conflict and strife. • Stressed yielding. • Water does not resist but yields. • Government the cause of many problems. • Eventually turned into a religion.

19. Legalism • Legalism was introduced by the Qin to gain power and Stability. • Rewards and Punishments to produce conformity to the rule of clear and well developed laws.

20. Legalism (Continued) • Laws were strict, everyone understood their duties and knew the penalties for failing to fulfill them. • Some believed human nature was essentially blankand that people needed careful guidance by strong rulers to live in an orderly way.

21. Qin Dynasty: 221-206 B.C. • Qin with legalism as its ideology succeeded in ending the Warring states era. • Qin defeated all it rivals to unite China • 221 Chu kingdom fell and the King of Qin took the title of Qin shihuangdi or first Emperor.

22. Qin Economics • Qin laid the basis for an enduring imperial order. • Created unified Administrative system • Standardized • Weight & measures system • Cart axle width • Coinage • Writing

23. Qin, Construction • Standardize people’s thoughts • Buriedhundreds of scholars alive • Burned books and scholars to eliminate unorthodox ideas. • Imposed Taxes. • Massive Terracotta tomb.

24. Qin,Great Wall • Great wall of China • Protected north steppe boarder • Reportedly 1 million died in the building of the wall

25. Classical Age China

27. Han Dynasty 202 B.C to 220 A.D • Traded with Rome and Indian Empires. • Excepted Confucianism and the Han Dynasty was less cruel.

28. Han, Sciences • History records begin to be kept. • History of the elite. • Math, Science, Geography, and Astronomy. • Sternpost Ruder. • Magnetic Compass. • Paper from wood pulp. • 5th century wood block printing.

29. Han, Medicine • Acupuncture. • Figured out the function of internal organs. • Figured out the circulation of blood. • Metallic and Ceramic luxury items.

30. Han, Art • Silk manufacturing. • Bronze, Jade, and Ceramics used for art. • Poetry. • Landscape art. • Instrumental music.

31. Han, Economics • Canals Built. • Road System. • Markets. • Scales. • Iron. • Plows, Horse harnesses increase horse power. • Fertilizer. • Animal wastes.

32. Han, Government • Functioned through complex Bureaucracy. • Confucius Ideas. • Tests to be in Bureaucracy. • Meritocracy, the best regardless of social class.

33. Han, Foreign Affairs • Groups that were assimilated by China. • White Huns. • Toba. • Developed trade contacts with India. • Trade Commission sent to Rome. • Nothing of interest in Rome. • Diffusion of Buddhism.

35. Han, Problems • Peasant Rebellions. • Disloyal Bureaucracy. • Over Taxation. • Warlords gained more power.