Inherited Traits, Inherited Behaviors(Instincts), & Learned Behaviors

1. Inherited Traits, Inherited Behaviors(Instincts), & Learned Behaviors What are inherited traits? What are inherited behaviors? What are learned behaviors

2. Genetics • http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/genetics/ • Genetics is the study of heredity. • Heredity is the passing down of physical traits from parents to offspring. • Genes determine physical traits. • Genes are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). • DNA is made of pairs of strands of chromosomes.

3. DNA • http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/dna/ • The order in which the base pairs line up creates a code. This code determines your physical makeup. • These pairs create your genes.

4. Heredity • http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/heredity/ • Gregor Mendel was a monk that used peas to experiment with inherited traits. • He realized that dominant traits will express event if the offspring only has one code for it. • Whereas, recessive traits will express themselves only if the offspring has two codes for it.

5. Heredity • A British Scientist (Punnett) created the Punnett Square which is used to predict the likelihood of traits in offspring. • See activity later………………

6. How are traits inherited? Genes are segments of DNA that carry instructions for traits of organisms from parents to offspring. Genes are located on chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. A chromosome is two very tightly coiled strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Each chromosome is divided into small sections called genes. Genes are the basic units of heredity. They carry codes that control the individual traits that the offspring will inherit.

7. Inherited Traits Eye color Height Skin color Face shape Shape of ear lobes Hairline Tongue rolling Handedness Texture of hair Bone structure Allergies Tongue rolling Dimples Color blindness Freckles Cleft chin

8. Inherited Behaviors (Instincts) Many of the things you do, such are reading, writing, and playing games are learned. Others are instinctive. An instinct is a behavior that an organisms inherits. Instincts are behaviors that animals do automatically to survive.

9. Inherited behaviors (instincts) Bird building nest A cat grooming itself Building shelters Squirrel gathering acorns A bird sitting on eggs Going to sleep when tired Cat covering waste in litter box Turtle covering eggs on a beach Lion stocking its prey A mother protecting A bear hibernating in the winter Birds migrating south when it gets cold An animal hunting for food Any survival behavior is instinctive!

10. Learned Behaviors A learned behaviors is a behavior an animal acquires through experience. Even though many learned behaviors help you survive, they have to be acquired from your environment. For example, a baby cry by instinct when it is hungry or needs its diaper changed. Over time, the baby my learn to vary the pitch and loudness of the crying depending on its needs. Changing the way that it cries is a learned behavior to get what it needs.

11. Learned Behaviors Table manners Cooking Dressing self Bathing Shaking hands A dolphin doing tricks Circus animals performing Service animals Reading Writing Building things Using a computer Using a cell phone