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17 th Century American life

17 th Century American life. Chapter 4: The American Pageant. Important Dates. 1619                        - First Africans arrive in Virginia 1636                        - Harvard College founded

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17 th Century American life

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  1. 17th Century American life Chapter 4: The American Pageant

  2. Important Dates • 1619                        - First Africans arrive in Virginia • 1636                        - Harvard College founded • 1662                        - Half-Way Covenant for Congregational Church membership established • 1670                        - Virginia assembly disfranchises landless freeman • 1676                        - Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia • 1680s                      - Mass expansion of slavery in colonies • 1689-1691               - Leisler's Rebellion in New York • 1692                        - Salem witch trials in Massachusetts • 1693                        - College of William and Mary founded • 1698                        - Royal African Company slave trade monopoly ended • 1712                        - New York City slave revolt • 1739                        - South Carolina slave revolt

  3. Essential Question #1 • In what ways do people adapt to change?

  4. Virginia • Most populous colony in early 18th century. Why?

  5. Tobacco! • 40 million pounds per year by end of 1700s • But only 1.5 million a year in 1630 • How was this increase possible?

  6. Cheap Labor • Indentured Servitude • Passage, goods, and possible land in exchange for work • 100,000 by 1700 • ¾ of immigrants to VA and MD in 17th century • Headright System • 50 acres of land in return for labor’s passage • Economy gains in Europe led to decline in indentured servitude • Which led to…?

  7. Slavery (African American) • Began as early of 1619 • Slave codes begin in Virginia 1662 (What were they) • Slave trade takes off in 1698 (Why?) • Where do they come from? • Who brings them? • Growth in South • ½ of population in VA by 1750 • In SC slaves outnumber whites 2 to 1 • “Gullah” – evolved language of slaves

  8. What happens when a population who is used to a certain norm is suddenly or over time taken away from that norm?

  9. Revolt!

  10. Bacon’s Rebellion • Virginia…1676 • Nathaniel Bacon (and others) vs. Gvr. Berkeley and Native Americans • Ended with Bacon’s death and hanging of rebels • What was the effect on the slave trade?

  11. Other Rebellions • NY -Leisler’s Rebellion – 1689-1691 • Landholders vs. Merchants • Took control of government • Wanted popular vote and redistribution of wealth • Replaced by William III • NY - City Slave Revolt – 1712 • 12 whites killed and 21 blacks executed • SC - Stono Rebellion – 1739 • Largest uprising prior to Revolution • 45 whites and 44 slaves killed • Led to Negro Act 1740

  12. Essential Question #2 • What role does location have on lifestyle and settlement?

  13. Colony breakdown • Chesapeake Colonies • Maryland and Virginia • New England Colonies • New Hampshire • Massachusetts • Rhode Island • Connecticut • Southern Colonies • North and South Carolina • Georgia • Middle Colonies • New York • New Jersey • Delaware • Pennsylvania

  14. The Chesapeake • ½ born in early VA and MD didn’t live past 20 • VA most populous colony at beginning of 18th century (MD #3) • Pop of women grew in 1720 • Social scale • Great Planters (ruled economy and political power) • Small farmers (largest social group) • Landless whites (former indentured servants) • Black Slaves

  15. Land • Native Americans didn’t believe land could be owned • More diversity in South because of more favorable land • N.E. specialized in shipbuilding and fishing • Land to rocky to farm on

  16. Property Rights • South • Women could own property and inherit estates • Due in part to young death rate • New England • Church not woman inherited estate when man died • Not allowed to own property

  17. New England Education • Towns with 50 families must have an elementary school • Harvard College established in 1636 in MA • William in Mary established in 1693 • Education tied to religion

  18. Declining Puritan Power • Dispersing of Puritans led to revival movement • Jeremiad – sermon based on lack of religious following • Decline in conversions • Half-Way Covenant • Unconverted children from existing members could be admitted • Gradually erased concept of “the elect” • Women played a prominent role

  19. Salem Witchcraft Trials • Who: Puritans • Over 150 arrested • 20 died (14 women, 6 men) • What: Persecution of people for witchcraft • Parris household first (epilepsy) • Where: Mass. and Europe • When: 1692 • Why?

  20. Salem Witchcraft Trials • Who: Puritans • Over 150 arrested • 20 died (14 women, 6 men) • What: Persecution of people for witchcraft • Parris household first (epilepsy) • Where: Mass. and Europe • When: 1692 • Why?

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