Working at Height - Ladders

1. Working at Height - Ladders

2. Legislation • The Work at Height Regulations 2005 • Ladders can be used for short duration work when: • the risk assessment shows that there is insufficient justification for using equipment which offers a higher level of fall protection such as a platform; • or where workplace features cannot be changed.  • Alternative options must be considered if the work task involves staying up a ladder for more than 30 minutes at a time. 

3. Working at Height – Hierarchy of Control • Eliminate the hazard • Avoid working at height. Investigate other options which eliminates the need for anyone to work at height. • Reduce the hazard • Prevent falls from height by installing barriers, fall arrest systems. • Control measures • Reduce consequences of a fall by providing a safe system of work, good supervision and training. • Personal Protective Equipment • Consider appropriate use of PPE such as a safety harness, safety helmet, protected walkways, signage.

4. Five Stages to using a ladder • Identify when to use a ladder • Identify the right sort of ladder for the task • Understand how to use it correctly • Assess the risks and identify sensible safety precautions • Know how to maintain it in good condition

5. Stage 1 – Identify when to use a ladder • Is the ladder likely to be used for less than 30 minutes in total • Is the ladder to be used for light work only • Can three points of contact be maintained on the ladder throughout the duration of the task. This means that either both feet and one hand or both hands and one foot must be gripped to the ladder at any one time • Is there a safe hand guard or hand hold on the ladder • If outside, is the weather suitable • Ladders should not be used in storms or strong wind • Is anything going to be carried up the ladder which may de-stabilise it • Heavy tools, equipment or awkward shapes, moving objects etc can all cause the ladder to shift its centre of gravity and fall over

6. Stage 2 – Identify the right sort of ladder • Consider the task and then consider the type of ladder which will be most appropriate • Single ladder, step ladder, extending ladder, step stool • Is the ground stable and even enough to support a ladder and a user • If not then re-locate the position of the ladder or re-consider the use of a ladder • Could the ladder move or is it prevented from doing so • Consider whether the ladder could move when in use. Ladders should be used at an angle of around 1 in 4 i.e. for every four metres up, the ladder should be one metre out from the wall • If the ground is slippery, wet, uneven or sloped then it may need securing to the building or structure (tying in) • Is the ladder long enough • You should not work off the top three rungs of the ladder

7. Stage 3 - Understand how to use it correctly • Do you know how to extend the ladder and secure it safely • Tying in must be to a strong and secure structure • Do you know how to carry the ladder safely • Large ladders may require two people to carry them • Are the treads and feet in good condition • Check before use. Replace if worn or broken • Are there overhead power cables • Do not attempt to work within six metres of overhead cables as electricity can jump across space (arc) • Wear the correct clothing and footwear to ensure a good grip and to prevent slipping • Is there any passing traffic or other hazards which could de-stabilise the ladder • Passers by or moving objects could knock the ladder sufficiently to cause it to fall over.

8. Stage 4 - Assess the risks • Carry out a risk assessment • Consult with those likely to undertake the task • Consider their physical condition and ability to undertake the task • Record the findings and identify any action needed • If using a ladder is the only option then follow the steps identified in this guidance • Step stools and mobile steps should be risk assessed in the same way as other work equipment. • The risk assessment should be reviewed annually or after any significant change whichever is the soonest • Risk assessments should be recorded and brought to the attention of those most likely to be affected by them

9. Stage 5 - Maintain in a good condition • Follow manufacturers instructions on ladder maintenance • Keep ladders clean and rust free • Store in a safe and secure location • Do not leave unattended