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Fast Handover Issues of Mobile Networks

Fast Handover Issues of Mobile Networks. Korea University of Technology and Education Laboratory of Intelligent Networks http://link.kut.ac.kr Youn-Hee Han. 목차. 1. Handover Technology & Example (WiMAX/WiBro 중심 ) 2. Vertical Handover Technology

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Fast Handover Issues of Mobile Networks

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  1. Fast Handover Issues of Mobile Networks Korea University of Technology and Education Laboratory of Intelligent Networks http://link.kut.ac.kr Youn-Hee Han

  2. 목차 1. HandoverTechnology& Example (WiMAX/WiBro 중심) 2. Vertical Handover Technology 3. Seamless Handover Technology(Vertical Handover 중심) 4. Performance Report & Discussion KRnet 2009

  3. 1. HandoverTechnology &Example KRnet 2009

  4. Cell 2 Cell 1 Horizontal Handover • Horizontal Handover • 동일한 타입의이동 통신 시스템 내에서의 이동 시에 발생하는 핸드오버 • Intra-cell Handover • 현재 서비스를 받고 있는 있는 셀 내에서 채널(또는 타임슬롯)을바꾸는 기능 (e.g., 현재 채널의 품질이 저하될 경우) • Inter-cell Handover • 이동 단말이 일단 호를 설립하여 통화 중에 다른 셀로 이동할 경우 통화 단절 없이 서비스 기지국이 자동으로 바뀌어 끊임없는 통신을 가능하도록 하는 기능 intra-MSC handover intra-cell handover inter-cell handover inter-MSC handover KRnet 2009

  5. Horizontal Handover • Horizontal Handover 관련표준 • 3GPP 계열 • GSM, GPRS, CDMA2000… • 3GPP SAE(System Architecture Evolution)/EPC(Evolved Packet Core) Architecture • WiMAX/WiBro • WiMAX System Architecture • IEEE 802.16e • TTA - 휴대 인터넷 MAC 프로토콜 표준 • Wi-Fi (WLAN) • IEEE 802.11f (IAPP- Inter-Access Point Protocol) • IEEE 802.11k (Radio Resource Management) • IEEE802.11r (fast roaming) KRnet 2009

  6. Vertical Handover • Vertical Handover • 서로다른 타입의 통신망 사이를 단말이 이동할 때 자신이 유지하고 있는 세션을 끊김없이 유지하는 기능 Home Agent AAA Public Internet IPv4 (or v6) Access Network Access Router QoS Agent Wireless Router 802.11/Hotspot 3G/4G Cellular 802.16e/Wibro vertical handover KRnet 2009

  7. Vertical Handover • 관련 표준화 단체 UTRAN WLAN CDMA 2000 WiMAX WLAN 연동 network 3GPP 3GPP2 IETF QoS support during handover IP based mobility support method 이종망 연동을 위한 요소기술 ITUNGN Network architecture IEEE802.11u IEEE802.21/16g Access network selection algorithm L2 Trigger for L3 handover Power management for multiple interfaces KRnet 2009

  8. Handover Support Technology • Handover에 대한 각계층별 프로토콜 • Layer 2 Mobility: 각종 통신망에 따른 고유의 프로토콜존재 • Reliable and quick • Scanning & movement detection • No impact on high-level protocol • not capable for inter-access technology handover • Layer 3 Mobility: Mobile IPv4/v6, Proxy Mobile IPv6 • Ideal candidates • Link-layer independence • IPv4/v6 Transport 및 IPv4/v6 Home Address Mobility 동시지원 • DS (Dual Stack)-MIPv6, DS-PMIPv6 • Layer 4 ~ 7 Mobility: Mobile TCP, SCTP, SIP • Per-application mobility support(Compatibility Problem) • not practical KRnet 2009

  9. Handover Support Technology • Horizontal Handover using one interface • Intra-cell Handover -  • Inter-cell Handover • Inter-PHY/MAC Attachment Points -  • Inter-PHY/MAC Attachment Points/Layer 3 Network -  • Vertical Handover using multi-interfaces • Inter-cell (Heterogeneous Cell) Handover • Inter-PHY/MAC Attachment Points -  • Inter-PHY/MAC Attachment Points/Layer 3 Network -  IP Access Network Handover requiring IP handover:    HSDPA (or LTE) 802.16 802.16 802.11 802.16  ⑤   ④ KRnet 2009

  10. Handover Example - WiMAX/WiBro • IEEE 802.16e (Hard) Handover Procedure RAS1 RAS2 RAS3 WiBro Network Architecture RAS(Radio Access Station) ACR(Access Control Router) WSM(WiBro System Manager) AAA(Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) HA (Home Agent) KRnet 2009

  11. Handover Example - WiMAX/WiBro • Proxy Mobile IPv6 [IETF RFC 5213, August 2008] LMA: Localized Mobility AgentMAG: Mobile Access Gateway IP Tunnel IP-in-IP tunnel between LMA and MAG LMA Home Network MN’s Home Network (Topological Anchor Point) MAG LMA Address (LMAA) That will be the tunnel entry-point LMM (Localized Mobility Management)Domain MAG movement Proxy Binding Update/Ack. (PBU/PBA) Control messages exchanged by MAG to LMA to establish a binding between MN-HoA and Proxy-CoA MN’s Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP) CAFE:2:/64 MN’ Home Address (MN-HoA) MN continues to use it as long as it roams within a same domain Proxy Care of Address (Proxy-CoA) The address of MAG That will be the tunnel end-point KRnet 2009

  12. Handover Example - WiMAX/WiBro • Proxy Mobile IPv6 over WiBro KRnet 2009

  13. 2. Vertical Handover Technology KRnet 2009

  14. Vertical Handover Support Technology • Vertical Handover 지원 프로토콜 • IEEE 802.21 MIH (Media Independent Handover) • 각 통신망 별로 Verical Handover Execution에 관한 표준 존재 • 3GPP 계열 – SAE/EPC 표준 • IEEE 802.16g • IEEE 802.11u MIES MICS MIIS KRnet 2009

  15. IEEE 802.21 MIES • MIES (Media Independent Event Service) • To provide link layer indication (trigger) to the higher layer • State Change Events • MIH_Link_Detected indication • MIH_Link_Up indication • MIH_Link_Down indication • MIH_Link_Parameters_Report indication • Predictive Events • MIH_Link_Going_Down indication • Link Handover • MIH_Link_Handover_Imminent indication • MIH_Link_Handover_Complete indication KRnet 2009

  16. IEEE 802.21 MIES • MICS (Media Independent Command Service) • It enables higher layer to manage and control link behavior relevant to handovers and mobility • Command Type • MIH_Link_Get_Parameters • MIH_Link_Configure_Thresholds • MIH_Link_Actions (PowerOn) • MIH_Net_HO_Candidate_Query • MIH_MN_HO_Candidate_Query • MIH_N2N_HO_Query_Resources • MIH_Net_HO_Commit • MIH_N2N_HO_Commit • MIH_MN_HO_Complete • MIH_N2N_HO_Complete KRnet 2009

  17. WLAN WWAN WMAN IEEE 802.21 MIES • MIIS (Media Independent Information Service) 802.21 Information Server Global Network Map • List of Available Networks - 802.11/16/22, GSM, UMTS • Link Layer Information - Neighbor Maps • Higher Layer Services - ISP, MMS, …. KRnet 2009 2014-08-27

  18. Handover Example using IEEE 802.21 Service • Procedure Summary • Unit 1: Information Query • PoS  MIIS • Unit 2: Threshold Configuration • MN  Serving PoS • Unit 3: Link_Going_Down Report I • MN  Serving PoS • Unit 4: Power On (Handover Ready) • MN  MN • Unit 5: Resource Availability Check • Serving PoS  Candidate PoSs • Unit 6: Link_Going_Down Report II • MN  Serving PoS • Unit 7: Resource Reservation • Serving PoS  Target PoS • Unit 8: Handover Commit • MN  Serving PoS • Unit 9: Link_Up Indication I • Target PoS  Target PoS • Unit 10: Resource Release • Serving PoS  Target PoS MN Serving PoS Candidate(Target)PoS MIIS Unit 1 Unit 2 Link Quality is lower than Threshold I Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Target PoA/PoS is decided Link Quality is lower than Threshold II Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Link-specific Handover Unit 9 Unit 10 KRnet 2009 2014-08-27

  19. PMIPv6 using IEEE 802.21 Service MN MAG PS (AAA) LMA MIIS MAG AAA Query with MN-ID MN Attachment AAA Reply with Profile PBU PBA RA Tunneling (after Tunnel Setup) IEEE 802.21 MIH Procedure Unit 1~2 MN IEEE 802.21 MIH Procedure Unit 3~8 Link-Specific Handover AAA Query with MN-ID MN Attachment AAA Reply with MN-ID IEEE 802.21 MIH Procedure Unit 9 PBU PBA RA & Data Tunneling (after Tunnel Setup) IEEE 802.21 MIH Procedure Unit 10 KRnet 2009 2014-08-27

  20. Vertical Handover using PMIPv6 in 3GPP LTE/EPC PMIPv6 Deployment over LTE AAA/Policy Server Ref.] I. Guardini et al., “Mobile IPv6 deployment opportunities in next generation 3GPP networks,” 16th IST Mobile&Wireless Communication Summit, Budapest, Hungary 1-5, July 2007 GTP-U Tunnel IP-in-IP Tunnel UE eNodeB S-GW/(MAG) P-GW/LMA P-GW: access gateway towards Packet Data Networks (similar to the GGSN) Optional! - PMIPv6 will be mainly used for inter-system handovers (i.e. handovers between 3GPP and non-3GPP accesses) KRnet 2009 2014-08-27

  21. Vertical Handover using PMIPv6 in 3GPP LTE/EPC • PMIPv6 scenario over LTE - 1/2 • Vertical handover scenario LMA KRnet 2009 2014-08-27

  22. Vertical Handover using PMIPv6 in 3GPP LTE/EPC • PMIPv6 scenario over LTE - 2/2 • Vertical handover scenario LMA KRnet 2009 2014-08-27

  23. 3. Seamless Handover Technology KRnet 2009

  24. Seamless Handover • Seamlessness = Fast + Smooth • Fast: 빠른 핸드오버를 통한 세션 단절 시간 최소화 • Smooth: 버퍼링을 통한 패킷 손실 최소화 • 결국 핸드오버로 인한 패킷손실 및 jitter 발생 최소화 목적 • 사용자에게 높은 QoS/QoE 제공 KRnet 2009

  25. UE Node B Node B RNC CN Seamless Handover – Layer 2 • Seamless Handover 관련기술 (Layer 2) • 각 표준별 기술 • 3GPP: Macro-diversity in UTRAN • WiMAX/WiBro • Macro Diversity Handover(MDHO) • Fast BS Switching (FBSS) • WLAN • IEEE 802.11r (fast roaming) • Multicasting of data via several physical channels • Enables soft handover • FDD mode only • Uplink • Simultaneous reception of UE data at several Node Bs • Downlink • Simultaneous transmission of data via different cells KRnet 2009

  26. Seamless Handover – Layer 3 • Seamless Handover 관련기술 (Layer 3) • Mobile IPv6(v4)에서핸드오버 Latency에 영향을 주는 요소 분석 L2 handover RR & BU MD DAD Standard MIPv6 (Reactive) time > 2.5 seconds • [Latency Components] • MD (Movement Detection) Latency • How to get “Router Advertisement” fast? • DAD (Duplicate Address Detection) Latency • Constant time (1 sec.) • How to shorten the constant time? • Mobile IPv4에서는 DAD 수행 불필요 • BU (Binding Update) Latency • It depends on the distance between MN and HA/CN KRnet 2009

  27. Seamless Handover – Layer 3 • 각 IP Handover 단계별 최적화 기술 (1/3) • Movement Detection (MD) Latency 최소화 • Fast Router Advertisement(FRA) • draft-mkhalil-ipv6-fastra-05.txt • Fast Router Discovery(FRD) • draft-ietf-dna-frd-02.txt [FRA] AR AR AR RA [FRD] AP/BS RA AP/BS Link-specific Handover& AAA RS RA AP/BS Link-specific Handover& AAA RA MN Link-specific Handover& AAA Link-Up & Layer 3 (and above) Communication Ready MN receives RA & discovers new subnet. MN MN How Long? KRnet 2009

  28. Seamless Handover – Layer 3 • 각 IP Handover 단계별 최적화 기술 (2/3) • DAD Latency 최소화 • Optimistic Duplicate Address Detection (oDAD) – RFC 4429 (Aprial, 2006) • Advance Duplicate Address Detection (aDAD) • Y.-H. Han and S.-H. Hwang, "Care-of Address Provisioning for Efficient IPv6 Mobility Support", Elsevier Computer Communications, Vol.29, No.9, pp.1422-1432, 2006. AR AP/BS RS RA NS BU to Home Agent Link-specific Handover& AAA MN Link-Up MN receivesRA Timeout (1 sec.) [oDAD와 aDAD를 통한 DAD 시간 제거] KRnet 2009

  29. Seamless Handover – Layer 3 • 각 IP Handover 단계별 최적화 기술 (3/3) • Binding Update Latency 최소화 • Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) - RFC 4140 (August, 2005) • [Standard MIPv6 (RFC 3775)] • [Optimized MIPv6] • MD Optimization • RS+RA (RFC 3775 Optional) • FRA (IETF Proposal), FRD (IETF Proposal) • DAD Optimization • oDAD (RFC 4429) • aDAD (A paper, IETF Proposal) • BU Optimization • HMIPv6 (RFC 4140) L2 handover BU MD DAD time Layer 2+3 Latency MD+DAD+BU L2 handover time Layer 2+3 Latency KRnet 2009

  30. Seamless Handover – Layer 3 • IP Handover 전체 단계에 대한 최적화 기술 (1/3) • Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) - RFC 4068 (July 2005) • MD와 DAD 과정을 Layer 2 핸드오버 전에 수행 • 라우터 간 터널링 MN PAR NAR L2 trigger RtSolPr PrRtAdv HI FBU HACK FBACK FBACK • New 4 ICMPv6 Messages • - Router Solicitation for Proxy (RtSolPr) • - Proxy Router Advertisement (PrRtAdv) • - Handover Initiate (HI) • Handover Acknowledge (HACK) • New 3 Mobility Messages • - Fast Binding Update (FBU) • - Fast Binding Acknowledgment (FBACK) • - Fast Neighbor Advertisement (FNA) Disconnect forward packets Connect FNA deliver packets KRnet 2009

  31. Seamless Handover – Layer 3 • IP Handover 전체 단계에 대한 최적화 기술 (2/3) • Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) - RFC 4068 (July 2005) • 각 네트워크별 Layer 2 프로토콜과의 교차 계층 최적화 • Mobile IPv6 Fast Handovers for 802.11 Networks - RFC 4260 (Nov. 2005) • Mobile IPv6 Fast Handovers over IEEE 802.16e Networks - RFC 5270 (June 2008) • Mobile IPv6 Fast Handovers for 3G CDMA Networks - RFC 5271 (June 2008) Layer3(FMIPv6) Cross-layering Layer2(WiMAX/WiBro) KRnet 2009

  32. Seamless Handover – Layer 3 • IP Handover 전체 단계에 대한 최적화 기술 (3/3) • Fast Reactive Handovers Optimization • Combined MD and DAD + Network-based BU • Y.-H. Han, J.-H. Choi, and S.-H. Hwang, "Reactive Handover Optimization in IPv6-Based Mobile Networks," IEEE JSAC, Vol.24, No.9, pp.1758- 1772, September 2006 L2 handover BU MD DAD [Standard MIPv6 (RFC 3775)] [Optimized MIPv6] [Fast Reactive Handover Opti.] [FMIPv6] time Layer 2+3 Latency Optimized MD, DAD, and BU L2 handover time Layer 2+3 Latency Combined MD&DAD + Network-based BU L2 handover time Layer 2+3 Latency RtSolPrPrRtAdv FBU, HI, HAck, FBAck Tunneling MD BU+DAD FNA time KRnet 2009 Layer 2+3 Latency

  33. Network-based Fast IP Handover • 네트워크 기반의 IP Handover 기술 및 최적화 • 기본 기술 • ProxyMobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) – RFC 5213 (Aug. 2008) • Base Protocol • IPv4 Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (Dual Stack-PMIPv6) • draft-ietf-netlmm-pmip6-ipv4-support-12.txt (April 2009) • IPv4 Transport 지원 + IPv4 Home Address Mobility 지원 • 핸드오버 최적화 기술 • Fast Handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (F-PMIPv6) • draft-ietf-mipshop-pfmipv6-04.txt (May 2009) • 핸드오버시 라우터간 터널링 기술 • Transient Binding for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (TB-PMIPv6) • draft-ietf-mipshop-transient-bce-pmipv6-02.txt (March 2009) • Make-before-break 핸드오버시 두 개의 인터페이스를 동시에 사용할 수 있는 기술 MD (필요없음), DAD (생략가능), Network-based BU L2 handover [PMIPv6] time Layer 2+3 Latency KRnet 2009

  34. WiBro IP Network Cellular IP network DS-MIP & DS-PMIP • DS(Dual-Stack)-MIPv6, DS-PMIPv6가 고려하는 응용레벨 시나리오 IPv4 Application(VoD, IP-Phone…) RAS DSMIPv6HA DSMIPv6MN IPv4 IPv4 LTE BS IPv6 IPv6 WLANIP Network NAT AAA Private IPv4 WLAN AP IPv6 Application(VoD, IP-Phone…) DS-MIPv6 & DS-PMIPv6

  35. 4. Performance Report & Discussion KRnet 2009

  36. Comparison - MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6 over WLAN • Testbed Setup over IEEE 802.11 • [MAG, LMA] • Debian 3.1, Linux Kernel 2.6.10 • [CN] • Windows XP, SP2 • [MN] • Ubuntu 7.10 • [VoD Streaming Software] • VLC media server • [IEEE 802.1x Authentication] • MD5/EAPoL + RADIUS MIPv6 Software Stacks on HA, MN : MIPL (Helsinki University of Technology) PMIPv6 Software Stacks on LMA, MAG : We have been implementing them since 2007 KRnet 2009 2014-08-27

  37. Comparison - MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6 over WLAN • Test Results with Heavy Traffic (presented at MobiWorld 2008 conference) • Encoding Rate: 2Mbps UDP Throughput of MIPv6 UDP Throughput of PMIPv6 KRnet 2009 2014-08-27

  38. IPv4 Support for PMIPv6 • PMIPv6’s IPv4 Support Testbed IEEE 802.1x authentication 과정이 Linux 단말기 보다 Windows 단말기가 훨씬 빠름 KRnet 2009 2014-08-27

  39. Network-based Fast IP Handover • F-PMIPv6 over WiMAX/WiBro Report(MN ID, BS3) KRnet 2009 완벽한 Predictive Handover 가능 2014-08-27

  40. Network-based Fast IP Handover • PMIPv6 vs. F-PMIPv6 LMA LMA PMIPv6 Old MAG Old MAG PBU PBAck HAck HI PBU PBAck New MAG New MAG Buffering Link-specific Handover Link-specific Handover MN MN IEEE 802.21Link-UP IEEE 802.21HO_Commit F-PMIPv6 Total Handover Latency Total Handover Latency IEEE 802.21Link-UP IEEE 802.21HO_Commit KRnet 2009

  41. Network-based Fast IP Handover • F-PMIPv6은 좋은 프로토콜인가?... • 핸드오버 시간 동안 Router 간의 터널링 Data Path during Handover LMA LMA MAG MAG 개선 MAG MAG Data Path during Handover - Frequent Tunnel Setup - Large tunneling overhead - High end-to-end delay - Decrease the overall throughput KRnet 2009 2014-08-27

  42. Discussion (1/2) • 표준에근거한 단순한 Session Continuity를 위한 최적의 Network-based IP Mobility 기술 조합(Horizontal & Vertical Handover의경우) • PMIPv6 + Dual-Stack Support • F-PMIPv6 + Transient Binding • (추가적으로… Localized Routing, GRE Tunnel Support, …) • Horizontal Handover에서추가적으로고려할사항 • 3GPP SAE/EPC Architecture 및 WiMAX/WiBro의 L2 Handover에 맞추어 Cross-layering 필요 • Vertical Handover에서추가적으로고려할사항 • IEEE 802.21 표준을 적극 활용한 Vertical Handover 지원 필요 • Information Service, Event Service, Command Service • Fast-handover에 대한 성능 개선요구됨 KRnet 2009 2014-08-27

  43. Discussion (2/2) • 네트워크 주도의 Multiple Flow Management 연구에 대한 중요성 대두 Horizontal Handover LMA LMA LMA LMA Mobile IPTVflow A handover is initiated when mobile device exits the boundaries of an administrative domain. Single interface is used. Mobile IPTVflow Mobile IPTVflow Mobile IPTVflow PBU(HI=2) PBU(HI=1) PBU(HI=1) PBU(HI=1) 새로운 인터페이스로 세션을 이동하고 있네?Vertical 핸드오버군 ! Vertical Handover 다른 인터페이스를 통해 단순하게 새로운 세션 생성(세션이동성은 없고…) A mobile device does need to move in order to initiate a handover. Multiple interfaces are required, but use one interface at a time. MAG MAG MAG MAG MAG MAG MAG MAG Complexity Level VoIPflow VoIPflow VoIPflow Multiple Interface Management VoIPflow WiMax 3G 3G WiMax WiMax 3G 3G WiMax Simultaneous use of multiple interfaces and access networks. Association of an application with an interface HTTPflow Multiple Flow Management 이 두 가지 경우를 네트워크에서 어떻게 구분할 지… Ability to split individual flows between links with respect to the requirements of the flows and the user preferences WiBro 3G WiBro 3G WiBro 3G WiBro 3G MN MN MN KRnet 2009 MN 2014-08-27

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