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METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Rocks that form from other pre-existing rock (sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic) that have been changed from high temperature and/or high pressure. METAMORPHIC ROCKS. Metamorphic Rocks. Metamorphic Rocks Formation. Conditions that cause rock to undergo metamorphism include:.

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METAMORPHIC ROCKS

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  1. Rocks that form from other pre-existing rock(sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic)that have been changed from high temperature and/or high pressure METAMORPHIC ROCKS

  2. Metamorphic Rocks

  3. Metamorphic Rocks Formation

  4. Conditions that cause rock to undergo metamorphism include: • Heat - Under conditions of high temperature from magma contacting pre-existing rock. • Pressure - Deep burial and pressure from mountain formation.

  5. Types of Metamorphism 1. Contact Metamorphism 2. Regional Metamorphism

  6. Contact Metamorphism • Deep burial and pressure from mountain formation. • The main metamorphic agent is heat. • Also forms when pre-existing rock comes into contact with molten lava or magma. The heat from the molten material is hot enough to cause the minerals in the original rock to re-crystallize, but not melt.

  7. Regional Metamorphism • Covers large areas typically associated with mountains • Deep burial and pressure from mountain formation. • Heat and Pressure change the rock

  8. Types of Metamorphic Rocks • Foliated: rocks with mineral crystals arranged in cable-like distorted layers/structures • Mineral Alignment • Banding • Animation: Foliation • Nonfoliated: rocks with recrystallized minerals; no layering • Recrystallization: This is the growth of new mineral crystals from other rocks.

  9. Scheme for Metamorphic Rock Identification Slate Phyllite MINERAL ALIGNMENT FOLIATED Schist BAND- ING Gneiss

  10. Progression of Metamorphism Start with a shale and then hit it with heat and pressure! More Heat & Pressure

  11. Shale (Sedimentary Rock) Heat & Pressure Slate (Metamorphic Rock)

  12. Slate (Metamorphic Rock) Heat & Pressure Phyllite (Metamorphic Rock)

  13. Phyllite (Metamorphic Rock) Heat & Pressure Schist (Metamorphic Rock)

  14. With even more heat & pressure(High-Grade Metamorphism) … you end up with something that is really Gneiss!

  15. Scheme for Metamorphic Rock Identification Hornfels Quartzite Sandstone Regional (Heat & Pressure) NONFOLIATED Limestone or Dolostone Marble Metaconglomerate

  16. ESRT p. 7 • Animation: Metamorphic Rock Scheme

  17. Where are metamorphic rocks found? • At the interface between igneous and sedimentary rocks • Mountainous regions

  18. THE ROCK CYCLE How are rocks classified?

  19. How are rocks classified? • By their origin (the way they are formed)

  20. Major Rock Groups • Sedimentary • Formed at the Earth’s surface • Clastic (Mineral Fragments or grains, clays) • Crystalline (chemical precipitates and evaporites) • Bioclastic (formed organically from shells or plants) • Igneous • Formed from magma (molten rock) • Plutonic (intrusive):slow cooling, coarse/very coarse crystals • Volcanic (extrusion): quick cooling at the surface, glassy/fine crystals • Metamorphic • Changed by heat and pressure

  21. Rock Cycle Conclusion

  22. Fig. 2.9 MAGMA

  23. IGNEOUS Solidification MAGMA

  24. IGNEOUS Plutonic Solidification MAGMA

  25. Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Solidification MAGMA

  26. Weathering & Erosion Uplift Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Solidification MAGMA

  27. SEDIMENT SEDIMENT Weathering & Erosion Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Solidification MAGMA

  28. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering & Erosion Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Solidification MAGMA

  29. Deposition SEDIMENT Weathering & Erosion Burial/Compaction Cementation Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Solidification MAGMA

  30. Deposition SEDIMENT Weathering & Erosion Burial/Compaction Cementation Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Solidification MAGMA

  31. Deposition SEDIMENT Weathering & Erosion Burial/Compaction Cementation Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Can you see any shortcuts? SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Solidification Melting MAGMA

  32. Deposition SEDIMENT Weathering & Erosion Burial/Compaction Cementation Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Solidification Melting MAGMA

  33. Deposition SEDIMENT Weathering & Erosion Burial/Compaction Cementation Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Solidification Melting MAGMA

  34. Citations • Slide 6 (Progression of Metamorphism of Shale) http://physics.uwstout.edu/geo/_derived/sect4.htm_txt_sect4.2.gif • Slide 10 • Shale: http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/02459/rocks/sedimentary/Shale.jpg • Slate: http://www.global-b2b-network.com/direct/dbimage/10260661/Grey_Slate.jpg • Slide 11: • Phyllite: http://www.bedford.k12.ny.us/flhs/science/geoscience/images/phyllite.jpg • Slide 12: • Schist (1) http://www.randall.k12.wi.us/rocks/images/schist-with-garnet.jpg • Schist (2) http://www.es.ucl.ac.uk/schools/Glossary/schist.jpg • Slide 13: • Gneiss (1) http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geophys/geopic/gneiss2.jpg • Gneiss (2) http://www.cropsoil.uga.edu/soilsandhydrology/images/Gneiss.jpg • Gneiss (3) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gneiss.jpg • Slide 16: • 8/16/2006 Physical Setting Regents Earth Science Exam p. 18 • Slide 17: • Earth Science Reference Tables p. 6

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