Reading 6/ page 109 Cross-Cultural Conversation

1. Reading 6/ page 109Cross-Cultural Conversation • 1. Look at the two groups of people in the photo. • 2. Where do you think they are from? How are they different? • 3. What is your definition of culture? • 4. Other than language, why do you think people from different cultures sometimes have misunderstandings?

2. Reading 6/ Cross – Cultural Conversation • A. ‘’You want to talk about culture’? Alain began the conversation in a proud voice. The United States is only a few hundred years old . Americans don’t really have nay culture . I mean, Americans are interesting, but they have zero culture. He made the sign for ‘’nothing’ with his hand. • B. ‘I agree with you,’ said Werner. He was pointing at Alain with his finger. “Old Europe of the last thousand years- now that’s where the great culture was! The age of architecture- the magnificent historical castles are beautiful . It’s essential to see the works of world- famous painters from previous centuries in our excellent museums. And everyone should experience our classical literature and music n the best theatres and concerts halls. Excuse me for interrupting, Alain,” Werner apologized, “but I just gave a perfect example of a long and significant cultural history!”

3. Cross- Cultural Conversation • C. Kamil spoke up. ‘ You know, we don’t call a short millennium a cultural history. The real beginning of culture- I mean, significant civilization – was the Middle East and Africa over five thousand years ago”. He continued, waving both hands in the air, ‘Ancient communities not only knew how to create magnificent architecture and art; they also made amazing scientific and technological discoveries. They even had medicine; the ancient religions came from that area, too. Their achievements made world civilizations that gave humanity the most meaningful cultural legacy!’

4. D. Mei agreed with Kamil. In a soft but knowing voice, she added, ‘’ But the really important science and technology began to develop in Asia and the Americas. While the ancient Chinese were building walled cities, they organized the first governments. They invented tools for work and weapons for protection. And the native peoples of the Americas had very, very old civilizations and societies. That was ancient traditional culture.’ • E. “Ancient culture? That’s a contradiction in definitions.’ Grinning, Karen objected in an enthusiastic, friendly way. She gave a contrasting opinion. ‘It’s impossible for culture tobe old or traditional,’ she argued. The opposite is true! Culture isn’t dead- it’s alive. Culture is modern! Culture is now!

5. F. Kenji was starting to fall asleep, but suddenly he was fully awake. ‘I agree!’ he said, interrupting Karen enthusiastically. • G. “You tell them!” said Karen appreciating the support for her point of view . For emphasis, she nodded vigorously . • H. “Culture is worldwide- it’s universal!’ Kenji went on his clear speaking style. He had a wide a smile on his face. ‘I mean, like – take today’s food culture. With our global fast food, I have to say, everyone eats the same. And because of the worldwide media-movies, TV, CDS ( compact discs), the Internet-everybody knows the same information, plays the same music, enjoys the same stories- even the jokes! And I mean, its like – people everywhere want to buy the same clothes- all because of advertising. A beautiful young couple in jeans and bright Hawaiian shirts anywhere in the world, eating burgers and French fries with their friends from many countries- finally we have a global culture! And tradition has nothing to do with it.

6. After World War 11 • E. During the next decade the situation changed in many places. There were fewer divorces, and people married at a younger age and had more children than in the previous generation. Men made enough money to support the family, so a mother seldom worked outside the home when her children were small. Children began living at home longer – that is, until an older age, usually after high school or even college. The traditional family was returning in the United States, it seemed – as in many other countries.

7. The End of the 20th Century F. In the years between 1960 or so and the end of the 20th century, however, there were many new changes in the structure of the family around the globe. From the 1960s to the 1990s , the divorce rate in the Western world greatly increased and the birthrate fell by half. At the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, young adults of some economic classes started staying with their parents longer, marrying later, and having kids at an older age, if at all.

8. I Nadia, however, was of another opinion. ‘You want to call modern movies, music, food, and clothes culture?’ she said, sweetly but convincingly . ‘Those things don’t describe culture. Culture isn’t about the sameness of people in communities around the world; it’s about their differences. Like – it’s important for people to greet one another in various ways, and they need to use different titles and follow a variety of social rules in their relationships. Some societies are formal, while others are informal, or casual. Some groups are friendly, and others aren’t. And another example is the diverse use of language- is it direct or indirect? How do communications styles include motions, gestures, facial expressions, and other body language? And customs are so interesting! They’re what people of different national groups do in their everyday lives and on special occasions like holidays or celebrations. Culture means cultural diversity . What makes life amusing?

9. It’s the variety of cultures around the world, its contradictions and opposites!’ • J. “yeah, maybe so," contributed Alain as politely as possible. “On the other hand,--” he started to say. • L. ‘And if you also include ancient civilizations and traditions,’ added Kamil with a pleasant expression on his face. He didn’t like to contradict Nadia or any of his friends. • M. “Well, we can certainly have opposing viewpoints, ’concluded Karen, ‘and yet we still enjoy exchanging ideas.’ Everyone was smiling, and they wanted to talk a lot more.

10. Previewing Vocabulary /p.109 • Nouns • architecture: the study of building • civilization: becoming modern • contradiction: with opposition • discoveries: to find something new • legacy: heritage/ customs of the past • literature: reading material • Media: like TV, newspaper • medicine: • societies: gathering with people • weapons: instruments used for fighting or defense

11. Verbs: • to agree: to say yes • To contradict: to say the opposite • To contribute: to be a part of • To describe: • To develop: to become better • To experience: to try • To grin : to smile • To interrupt: to stop • To invent: to create

12. E • Adjectives; • Amazing: surprising • Ancient: very old • Clear: • Cultural: having to do with customs and traditions • Enthusiastic: very excited • Excellent: • Knowing: • Opposing: contradicting • Pleasant: very happy • Proud: happy about something or someone • Scientific: having to do with science • Social: people • Soft: not hard • Adverbs: convincingly - politely

13. Part 2 / Clues to World Cultures • A. An Irish woman was visiting tourist places in a Latin American city when she got a terrible headache. She knew what medicine she needed, so she went to a local pharmacy. The pharmacist was waiting on another customer when she came in. The Irish woman patiently waited her turn. While she was standing there, two other customers came in, then another, and then three more. Each time, the pharmacist turned his attention to the new people . He did not agree the Irish woman; he never said,’ I’ll be with you in a minute.’ • after about 20 minutes, the woman couldn’t stand the pain in her head any longer. ‘Hey, I’ve been here a long time, ’she said loudly, very annoyed and insulted. ‘Why is everyone ignoring me? I need service, too!’ she shouted rudely ( impolitely)

14. A.1. Why didn’t the pharmacist pay attention to the Irish woman when she came into his store? • 2. Why was the Irish customer insulted, angry, or hurt? • 3. What is the cultural point of the story? • B.1.Why did the host family serve the evening meal so late? • 2. Why did the American guest eat more food than he wanted? • 3. What is the cultural point of the story?

15. es • B. A middle – Eastern businessman and his brother invited and American guest to their family home for dinner. The American got there on time and enjoyed the interesting conversation, the tea, and the attention. But as time passed, he got very, very hungry. Finally he politely whispered to his host, ‘Excuse me, but are we going to eat dinner?’ • “Of course!’ answered his host. ‘We usually server the evening meal around 9:00, and when we have guests, we enjoy the long conversation before dinner. • At the dinner table everything was delicious, and the hungry American guest ate quickly. He emptied his plate, and his host put more food on it. As soon as he cleaned his plate a second time, the host gave him more. After several plates of food, he could eat no more. He was going to burst !’please, please, please- don’t give me any more food, ’he begged them.’ I finished the food on this plate, but I can’t eat another bite!’

16. Part 2/ • Even then, his host insisted. The guest accepted a little more and ate it with difficulty. Finally, the supper dishes were removed. There was more conversation – with more tea and coffee. At about midnight, the server brought a pitcher of ice water. The tired American knew it was Ok to thank his hosts and leave. • C. A group of international students were attending college in Europe. They had a long time between semesters for travel, so they decided to hitchhike as far as they could in other countries. In many places, they were successful. They put their thumbs out or pointed them backwards and smiled; friendly drivers stopped. As soon as the first traveler got a ‘yes’ answer from a driver, he motioned with his hand or fingers for his friends to come- or he held both thumbs up in an ok sign or mad a circle with the thumb and the next finger of one hand. The young tourists saved money, saw a lot of the countryside, and had interesting conversations and experiences.

17. Part 2/ Reading page 118 • On the other hand, in Greece and Turkey, the visitors were not so lucky. Few drivers stopped to give them rides; instead, most people ignored them. Others gave them mean looks from their cars; they seemed almost insulted that the visitors were begging for rides. A few drivers shouted terrible words at the travelers, two even got out of their truck and started a fight . The students thought the drivers were very rude. They felt confused, afraid, and unwelcome. After a few days the students took the bus back to the countries where they were studying.

18. C . Questions • 1. Why did the young travelers get rides successfully in many places in Europe? • 2. Why weren’t the student tourists so lucky in Greece and Turkey? • 3. What is the cultural point of the story?

19. Previewing Vocabulary /p.114 Nouns: • attention : taking care • bite: with the mouth • customers : people who buy • guests : people who visit • Host : people who invite • pain : suffering • Adjectives • afraid- annoyed- insulted - mean- rude- successful • Adverbs: backwards- patiently- loudly- rudely

20. Discussing the Reading/ page 97 • Verbs: • To beg: to ask • To clean: • To greet: to say hello • To hitchhike: • To ignore: not giving attention • To serve: to give an service