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50th Anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education

50th Anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education. A Teaching Opportunity. Web Sites. Robert H. Jackson Center Teach American History Digital Classroom. Web Sites. Jim Crow History (interactive simulation) National Park Service ( for younger students) Brown 50th Anniversary Commission

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50th Anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education

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  1. 50th Anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education A Teaching Opportunity

  2. Web Sites • Robert H. Jackson Center • Teach American History • Digital Classroom

  3. Web Sites • Jim Crow History (interactive simulation) • National Park Service (for younger students) • Brown 50th Anniversary Commission • Amarillo Museum of Art • Facts and Myths

  4. Provide Historical Context • Unless they appreciate what Blacks have been through, they will not understand the significance of Brown

  5. Activate prior knowledge • Brainstorm • Time lines • Matching quiz Get students thinking about what they already know about African-American history

  6. State and Local Legislatures • Polling places far from Black neighborhoods • Polling places changed at last minute • Access roads/ferries shut down • Gerrymandering • Special ballots and boxes • Show registration and poll-tax certificates • No than 2-1/2 minutes in polling booth

  7. Lack of Political Power • Only 2.5% of eligible African-Americans in SC, GA, AL, FL, MS, LA, AK, and TX voted in 1940 presidential election • 4 out of 5 Black Americans lived in these states • Without political power, Black neighborhoods lacked public streets and street lights, sewage and garbage disposal, health, education, and recreational facilities

  8. Federal Legislature • Review Reconstruction legislation • Civil Rights Acts • Freedmen’s Bureau

  9. Federal Legislature • Review Reconstruction amendments • 13th: ends slavery • 14th: bestows citizenship; states must provide due process and equal protection of the laws • 15th: voting rights for Black males

  10. What had the Congress done lately? • Challenge the students to come up with a piece of federal legislation in the post-Reconstruction era that benefited Blacks.

  11. Ask students to draw conclusions • Why hadn’t Congress done anything to help African-Americans since the end of Reconstruction? • Even anti-lynching legislation has stalled in Congress

  12. Without Sanctuary

  13. Executive Branch • Hayes and Compromise of 1877 • TR and BTW • Taft’s promise to the South; support for states’ rights • Harding - “dangers in racial differences;” backed restrictive immigration

  14. Executive Branch • FDR and New Deal • HST - Civil Rights Commission; integration of federal government and military; FHA • Ike - denounced “extremists on both sides”; opposed integration below platoon level

  15. Supreme Court • Dred Scott (1857) • Hall v. Decuir (1877) • Slaughterhouse Cases (1879) • Civil Rights Cases (1883) • Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

  16. Supreme Court • Cumming v. Richmond Bd. of Ed. (1899) • Berea College v. Kentucky (1908) • Guinn v. U.S. (1915) • Corrigan v. Buckley (1926) • Grovey v. Townsend (1935)

  17. Supreme Court • Missouri ex rel. Gaines v Canada (1938) • Smith v. Allwright (1944) • Sweatt v. Painter (1950) • McLaurin v. OK Bd. of Regents (1950)

  18. Supreme Court and Civil Liberties • American Comm. Assn. v. Doud (1950) • Feiner v. New York (1951) • Dennis v. U.S. (1951) • Adler v. Bd. Of Ed. Of City of NY (1952)

  19. Make A Prediction Based on your knowledge of the Supreme Court’s treatment of African-Americans, how do you think it will rule on school integration?

  20. Separate but equal? • Pleasant Grove School, Chester County, SC • County furnished teachers and coal • No toilet facilities, just ashes from fireplace • Mt. Arat School, Chester County,SC • Toilet facilities for boys was woods across RR tracks and highway • 68 pupils in a 20x16 room, no tables, no desks • Richburg School, Chester County, SC (for whites) • 6 rooms, 6 teachers, assembly hall, piano, individual desks, janitorial service

  21. 1932-33, SC spent $331,932 transporting 29,624 white elementary students, and only $628 transporting 87 Black elementary students

  22. Discrimination not limited to the South • Newark, NJ - students had to pass a swimming test to graduate; pool only open on Friday afternoons for African-Americans • New York State retained a permissive school segregation law until 1909.

  23. Still, not all Blacks favored integration • W.E.B. DuBois • Fear of harassment • Black teachers afraid of losing jobs • When Brown was first argued at District Court, courtroom was barely half full.

  24. The Cases • Bolling v. Sharpe • Briggs v. Elliot • Brown v. Board of Education • Parker v. University of Delaware

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