1 / 68

Artificial photosynthesis for solar fuels

Artificial photosynthesis for solar fuels. Stenbjörn Styring Uppsala university. Swedish Consortium for Artificial Photosynthesis 1994-. Sw . Energy agency , Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; EU; VR. 20. 10. 0. 30. The global concept. Global energy use. Nuclear Biomass

zocha
Download Presentation

Artificial photosynthesis for solar fuels

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Artificial photosynthesis for solar fuels Stenbjörn Styring Uppsala university

  2. Swedish Consortium for Artificial Photosynthesis 1994- Sw. Energy agency, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; EU; VR

  3. 20 10 0 30 The global concept Global energyuse Nuclear Biomass Hydro others..... 2011; ca17 TW years Fossil 80% 40 TW

  4. Local vs. global concept Energy supply 2008, Sweden: Hydro Biomass Fossil Nuclear 33 32 12 23 % of total

  5. Energy supply 2008; Germany Fossil 82 11 7 % of total Local vs. global concept Energy supply 2008, Sweden: Hydro Biomass Fossil Nuclear 33 32 12 23 % of total

  6. 20 10 0 30 The global concept Fossil 2050 Fossil 2011: 17 TW 80% 40 TW

  7. 20 10 0 30 The global concept Note! Thiscomes from peoplethatdon´tuseenergy today. Theycan not solvethis by savingenergy!!! Fossil 2050 Fossil 2011: 17 TW 80% 40 TW

  8. Renewabletechnologies (Sims et al, IPCC 2007) Electricity Technologicallymaturewith marketshydroelectric; geothermal; in at leastsomecountrieswoodybiomass; onshorewind landfill gas; bioethanol; silicon solar cells..... Technologicallymaturewith small, newsolid wasteenergy in towns; markets in fewcountriesbiodiesel; offshore wind; heat concentrating solar dishes... Under technologicaldevelopmentthin film PV; tidalchange; wave demonstration plants, upcomingbiomassgasification; pyro- lysis; bioethanol from ligno- cellulose; thermaltowers....... Manygiveelectricity

  9. Everything is not electricity Total production 2011; ca17 TW years Fossil 80% 10 20 TW

  10. Everything is not electricity Final consumtion Electricity 17% Total production Fossil 80% 10 20 TW

  11. Everything is not electricity Final consumtion Electricity 17% The rest, 83% is used as fuel for manythings Total production Fossil 80% 10 20 TW

  12. Critical insights • Electricity is an energycarrier. It is usedtocarry a minor part of the energy in the world.

  13. Critical insights • Electricity is an energy carrier. It is used to carry a minor part of the energy in the world. • 2. Biomass is limited on a global scale. Although • important in many regions, there is not enough • to replace fossile fuels.

  14. RenewabletechnologiesBiomassderived Technologicallymaturewith marketshydroelectric; geothermal; in at leastsomecountrieswoodybiomass; onshorewind landfill gas; bioethanol;silicon solar cells..... Technologicallymaturewith small, newsolid wasteenergy in towns; markets in fewcountriesbiodiesel;offshore wind; heat concentrating solar dishes... Under technologicaldevelopmentthin film PV; tidalchange; wave demonstration plants, upcomingbiomassgasification; pyro- lysis; bioethanol from ligno- cellulose; thermaltowers....... Research stage Manygiveelectricity. All fueltechnologiesarebased on biomass

  15. Critical insights • Electricity is an energycarrier. It is usedtocarry a minor part of the energy in the world. • 2. Biomass is limited on a global scale. Although • important in many regions, there is not enough • toreplacefossilefuels. • 3. Need for fuels from otherrenewableresources • thanbiomass

  16. Solar fuel for storage Solar Energy, Options Converted solar energy; Oil,biomass…. !! Heat; Low temp High temp ? ! Solar cells !! Electricity 12

  17. The energy system – local versus global aspects; the place for solar energy; need for fuel Various concepts for solar fuels Our science in the Swedish Consortium for Artificial Photosynthesis

  18. Sustainable methods to make solar fuels/hydrogen Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy and water

  19. Sustainable methods to make solar fuels/hydrogen Direct methods Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy and water Indirect

  20. Sustainable methods to make solar fuels/hydrogen Indirect Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy and water Photovoltaics Electrolysis→H2

  21. Sustainable methods to make solar fuels/hydrogen Leads to discussions about the hydrogen society Indirect Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy and water Photovoltaics Electrolysis→H2

  22. Sustainable methods to make solar fuels/hydrogen Indirect Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy and water C-based fuel From H2 and CO2 Photovoltaics Electrolysis→H2

  23. Sustainable methods to make solar fuels/hydrogen Indirect Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy and water Biomass Conversion Pyrol.,ferm., chop wood etc

  24. Sustainable methods to make solar fuels/hydrogen Indirect Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy and water Photosynthesis Biomass Conversion

  25. Sustainable methods to make solar fuels/hydrogen Indirect Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy and water C-based fuel From H2 and CO2 Photovoltaics Electrolysis→H2 Photosynthesis Biomass Conversion Pyrolysis, ferment., etc

  26. Sustainable methods to make solar fuels/hydrogen Indirect Electrolysis Electricity Solar cells in Sala/Heby Solar energy and water Two systems -solar cells and electrolyser Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based

  27. Sustainable methods to make solar fuels/hydrogen Indirect Solar energy and water Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Biomass, Trees; Waste; Grasses Conversion Several systems must be integrated

  28. Sustainable methods to make solar fuels/hydrogen Indirect General - Extra systems cost Losses in extra step(s) Electrolysis Electricity Solar cells in Sala/Heby Solar energy and water Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Biomass, Waste; Trees; Grasses Conversion

  29. Direct methods Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy and water

  30. Direct methods Thermochemical cycles (CSP for H2) Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy and water

  31. Direct methods Thermochemical cycles (CSP for H2) Artificial Photosynthesis in molecular systems Artificial Photosynthesis in materials and nanosystems Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy and water

  32. Joining in cells H+ H+ 4 H+ 2 H2O A D P P e- e- 2 H2 O2 + 4 H+ e- e-

  33. Direct methods Thermochemical cycles (CSP for H2) Artificial Photosynthesis in molecular systems Artificial Photosynthesis in materials and nanosystems System costs might become lower in a direct process Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy

  34. Excreted Semi-direct Photosynthesis (compartmentalized) Light reactions NADPH & ATP Dark reactions H2, alcohols etc Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy Photobiological processes – not harvesting the organism

  35. Photobiological hydrogen and fuel production using living organisms. Vegetative cells Green algae –Chlamydomonas Can make hydrogen under special conditions H2 forming heterocyst Cyanobacterium – Nostoc

  36. Something in between Mixingbiological and non-biological parts Ru H2ses TiO2 etc PSII Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy Pt PSI Hybrides Enzyme & metalcatalysts

  37. Direct methods Artificial Photosynthesis in molecular systems Artificial Photosynthesis in materials and nanosystems Thermochemical cycles (CSP for H2) Semi-direct Solar fuel;hydrogen or carbon based Solar energy and water Photosynthesis (compartmentalized) Light reactions NADPH & ATP Dark reactions H2, alcohols etc Indirect C-based fuel From H2 and CO2 Photovoltaics Electrolysis→H2 Photosynthesis Biomass Conversion Pyrolysis, ferment., etc

  38. The energy system – local versus global aspects; the place for solar energy; need for fuel Various concepts for solar fuels A little on our science in the Swedish Consortium for Artificial Photosynthesis

  39. P We follow two branches to Solar hydrogen, common link biochemistry, biophysics H2 H2O

  40. P Photobiological hydrogen production in photosynthetic microorganisms H2 H2O Design of organisms Synthetic biology, genomics, metabolomics

  41. Artificial photosynthesis, synthetic light driven catalytic chemistry P H2O H2 Fe Fe Ru Mn Mn Design and synthesis Spectroscopy Co

  42. Artificial photosynthesis: Target – fuel from solar energy and water! Visionary – but how?

  43. Artificial photosynthesis - manmade: Visionary – but how? Idea for a short cut: Mimic (copy) principles in natural enzymes Method Biomimetic chemistry

  44. Photosystem II – the wunderkind in nature! O2 O2 O2 P O2 O2 O2 O2 ? Secret of life Element: Mn Atomic weight: 55 Mn Mn Mn Mn Four manganese atoms are the secret behind the splitting of water Water

  45. Water oxidation - the main players TyrZ 161 His 190 Gln 165 OH Glu 189 Asp 170 Ca Mn Mn Mn Mn

  46. Ru - - e e Supramolecular chemistry chemical LEGO H O 2 2 + 4H A D S Link Link 2 H + 2 + 4H O 2 light N N N N Ruthenium instead of chlorophyll N N

  47. Ru - - e e Mn Mn Supramolecular chemistry chemical LEGO H O 2 2 + 4H A D S Link Link 2 H + 2 + 4H O 2 light N N Link N N N N Manganese as in Photosystem II

  48. Mn2(II/II) BPMP has been connected to Ru and electron acceptors N N Ru N N Mn Mn N N Me NH N N N N O EtO C O O N 2 N O O Me Me Mn Mn 3 + O O NDI acceptor C H C H 8 1 7 N 8 1 7 N O O O O N N O O N N N Ru N N N O N H E t O C 2 N O N N N Mn Mn N N O O O O Mw 2800

  49. Weseekcatalystsbased on abundant metals, Mn-based systems have potential - The Mn4 cluster works in Photosystem II - It is the mostefficient and stable part of PSII electron transfer Co-based systems have potential - Weseekmolecular systems - Weseeklight driven systems

  50. Cobalt as a water oxidation catalyst Kanan and Nocera, Science 2008, 321, 5892, 1072-1075 Yin, Tan, Besson, Geletii, Musaev, Kuznetsov, Luo, Hardcastle and Hill, Science 2010, 328, 342-345

More Related