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Life in the Universe

Life in the Universe. “ If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the Universe .” Carl Sagan (1934-1996). I. astronomy. Páll Jakobsson (Palli) (pja@hi.is). 10 January 2013. 1. Inngangur. 1.1 Aaaaa 1.2 Bbbbb. Distance: 25 light years.

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Life in the Universe

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  1. Life in the Universe “If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the Universe.” Carl Sagan (1934-1996) I. astronomy Páll Jakobsson (Palli) (pja@hi.is) 10 January 2013

  2. 1. Inngangur • 1.1 Aaaaa • 1.2 Bbbbb Distance: 25 light years

  3. Tracking Fomalhaut b from 2004-2012

  4. Distance: 130 light years

  5. M = 9 ∙ MJupiter Distance: 25 light years Distance: 70 light years

  6. Known Exoplanets • 1992: a few are discovered around a neutron star! • 1995: the first around Sun-like star (indirect measurement). • January 2013: 854 (http://exoplanet.eu): • Radial velocity + astrometry: 498 (386 planetary systems) • Transits: 291 (236 planetary systems) • Microlensing: 16 (15 planetary systems) • Imaging: 32 (28 planetary systems) • 1), 2) and 3) are indirect measurements.

  7. Venus Transit in June 2012

  8. Transit Graph

  9. Transit Graph Provides information on the radius of the exoplanet.

  10. Probability of a Transit Detection?

  11. Where is Kepler Looking?

  12. The Kepler Planet Candidates (~2300) • (NB: only 105 confirmed planets)

  13. Kepler-20: An Unusual Planetary System • (5 planets in small orbits)

  14. Kepler-20: large, small, large, small, large Kepler-20b: 1.9 ∙ REarth Kepler-20e: 0.9 ∙ REarth Kepler-20c: 3.1 ∙ REarth Kepler-20f: 1.0 ∙ REarth Kepler-20d: 2.8 ∙ REarth 430 °C 760 °C

  15. (the first rocky exoplanet to be discovered)

  16. 6 planets!

  17. The Habitable Zone (shown in green)

  18. Earth 2.0

  19. Kepler-47 • (a system with more than one planet orbiting a pair of stars)

  20. Astrometry (ísl: stjörnuvagg) • A system of two (or more) bodies orbit around their mutual centre • of mass. • The change in the stellar position (wobble) gives the planet mass. • Example: MJupiter and d = 1 AU. Assume the system lies 3 light years • from Earth. Stellar wobble: 1 milliarcsecond. • Now put an “Earth” instead and move the system to 30 light years. • Stellar wobble: 0.3 microarcsecond. • No chance measuring that today. • SIM PlanetQuest: 2016?

  21. Motion of the Sun (distance:30 ly)

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