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Biology 3A - respiration

Biology 3A - respiration. Cellular respiration. Provides energy for the cell Occurs in _________ cells Net equation: Occurs as a series of reactions, involving many different enzymes Involves ____________ and ___________ reactions. Cellular respiration. Provides energy for the cell

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Biology 3A - respiration

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  1. Biology 3A - respiration

  2. Cellular respiration Provides energy for the cell Occurs in _________ cells Net equation: Occurs as a series of reactions, involving many different enzymes Involves ____________ and ___________ reactions

  3. Cellular respiration Provides energy for the cell Occurs in all cells Net equation: glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP) Occurs as a series of reactions, involving many different enzymes Involves anaerobic and aerobic reactions

  4. Summary of reactions

  5. ATP and ADP • Act as chemical batteries • Carry and release small amounts of energy ATP adenosine adenosine phosphate ADP energy

  6. Carrier proteins Carry hydrogen ions to electron transport chains NAD  NADH + H+ FAD  FADH2 + H+

  7. Anaerobic respiration • Occurs in the c_________ • Does not need o__________ • Involves 2 processes – g_________ and f_____________

  8. Anaerobic respiration • Occurs in the cytoplasm • Does not need oxygen • Involves 2 processes – glycolysis and fermentation

  9. Glycolysis • Glucose is broken down into 2 p________ (pyruvic acid) molecules • Reactions use 2 ________ • Reactions make ___ ATP • Net ATP = _____/glucose molecule

  10. Glycolysis • Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules • Reactions use 2 ATP • Reactions make 4 ATP • Net ATP = 2/glucose molecule

  11. Fermentation In animals: Pyruvate is converted to l________ a_____ In plants and fungi: Pyruvate is converted to e_________ and _______

  12. Fermentation In animals: Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid In plants and fungi: Pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide

  13. Aerobic respiration • Occurs in the _________________ • Needs _____________ • Involves T___________ reaction, K______ cycle and E__________ transport chain • Involves many reactions and enzymes • Produces ____ ATP • Waste products are

  14. Aerobic respiration • Occurs in the mitochondrion • Needs oxygen • Involves Transition reaction, Krebs cycle and Electron transport chain • Involves many reactions and enzymes • Produces 36 ATP • Waste products are carbon dioxide and water

  15. Structure of mitochondrion

  16. Transition reaction

  17. Transition reaction • Pyruvate attaches to Coenzyme A to form Acetyl Coenzyme A • Acetyl Coenzyme A enters mitochondrion and releases the pyruvate into the Krebs cycle • Coenzyme A can also pick up fatty acids and take them into the Krebs cycle

  18. Krebs cycle

  19. Krebs cycle • Occurs in the m_________ of the mitochondrion • A cycle of reactions generates ATP and hydrogen ions (carried by NAD and FAD carriers to electron transport chain) • Waste product is • Produces _____ ATP/glucose molecule

  20. Krebs cycle • Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion • A cycle of reactions generates ATP and hydrogen ions (carried by NAD and FAD carriers to electron transport chain) • Waste product is carbon dioxide • Produces 2 ATP/glucose molecule

  21. Electron transport chain

  22. Electron transport chain • Found in the ____________ (inner membranes) of the mitochondrion • ATP is generated as hydrogen ions are passed down the chain • Oxygen is • Waste product is • Produces ______ ATP/glucose molecule

  23. Electron transport chain • Found in the cristae (inner membranes) of the mitochondrion • ATP is generated as hydrogen ions are passed down the chain • Oxygen is used up • Waste product is water • Produces 34 ATP/glucose molecule

  24. Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic respiration

  25. Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic respiration

  26. Comparison between respiration and photosynthesis

  27. Comparison between respiration and photosynthesis

  28. Factors affecting rate of respiration • Temperature • Concentration of glucose • Concentration of oxygen • Concentration of wastes (CO2 or alcohol)

  29. Factors affecting rate of respiration • Temperature as temperature increases, respiration increases, until temperature gets too high  enzymes denature • Concentration of glucose as glucose increases, respiration increases, until maximum level reached • Concentration of oxygen as oxygen increases, respiration increases, until maximum level reached • Concentration of wastes (CO2 or alcohol) as wastes increase, respiration decreases

  30. Factors affecting rate of respiration Carbon dioxide concentration Carbon dioxide concentration Oxygen concentration Glucose concentration Carbon dioxide concentration Carbon dioxide concentration Temperature Waste concentration

  31. Factors affecting rate of respiration Carbon dioxide concentration Carbon dioxide concentration Oxygen concentration Glucose concentration Carbon dioxide concentration Carbon dioxide concentration Temperature Waste concentration

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