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Chapter Two

Chapter Two. English History 1. The origins of the nation. 1. Early Settlers (5000BC----55BC) The first settlers of Britain were the Iberians.( 伊比利来人 ) 3000BC The Stonehenge in Sablisbury plain ( 索尔兹伯里平原的巨石阵 ). The Beaker Folk.

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Chapter Two

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  1. Chapter Two English History 1

  2. The origins of the nation • 1. Early Settlers(5000BC----55BC) • The first settlers of Britain were the Iberians.(伊比利来人) • 3000BC • The Stonehenge in Sablisbury plain • (索尔兹伯里平原的巨石阵)

  3. The Beaker Folk • The Beaker Folk (比克人) came from Holland and the Rhineland at about 2000BC.

  4. The Celts • The Celts began to arrive Britain about 700BC. • The Celts tribes are ancestors of the Highland Scots, the Irish, and the Welsh. • The Celts came to Britain in three main waves. • 1.The Gaels, 600BC • 2.The Brythons, 400BC • 3.The Belgae, 150BC

  5. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) • 2. Roman Britain(55BC----410AD) • First landing in 55 B.C. led by Julius Caesar • Complete control over the land in 43 A.D. • Leaving in around 410 A.D.

  6. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) • Roman influence: • Introduction of Christianity • The Latin language • Roman laws, taxes, engineering skills, architecture • Roman social system • System of writing and numbering • The first written description of the land

  7. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) • Reasons for limited Roman influence on Britain: • the roman treated Britain as slave • they never intermarry • no impact on the language and culture • of ordinary Britons.

  8. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) 3. The Anglo-Saxons(446----871) • Britain was invaded by the Jutes, Saxons and Angles----three Teutonic tribes. • The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. • Tiu---- god of war • Thor----god of storm and thunder • Woden----king of heaven • Frega---- goddess of peace

  9. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) • Anglo-Saxon Influence: • Transition from tribal society into feudal society • Influence of Northern mythology on the English language • Monasteries (修道院)and written books

  10. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) • 4. The Vikings • The Viking raiders from Scandinavia(斯堪的纳维亚) • During 9th ---10th centuries: • Viking Danes in the east and north • Saxons in the west

  11. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) • 5. The Norman Conquest • 1066 AD, William of Normandy from France • They set up a central government • Made French the official language • And established the feudal system • Numerous contacts between England and France

  12. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) • 5. The Great Charter the Magna Carter or the Great Charter document sealed by King John of England on June 15, 1215, in which he made a series of promises to his subjects that he would govern England and deal with his vassals according to the customs of feudal law. Over the course of centuries, these promises have required governments in England to follow the law in dealing with their citizens.

  13. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) • (1) no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freemen should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of their property; (3) the Church should possess all its rights, together with freedom of elections; (4) London and other towns should retain their traditional rights and privileges, and (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country.

  14. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) • 6. The origins of the English Parliament • The Great Council is known to be the prototype of the current British Parliament. In 1265, Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council, together with two knights from each county and two citizens from each town. It later developed into the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Its main role was to offer advice. There were no elections or parties. And the most important part of Parliament was the House of Lords.

  15. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) 7. Hundred Years’ War was a series of short conflicts between France and England during the years from 1337 to 1453. It resulted from disputes between the ruling families of the two countries over territories in France. In 1453, the battle of Castillon ended English rule in France and marked the end of the Hundred Years’ War.

  16. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) • 8. The Black Death • The Black Death is the modern name given to the deadly epidemic disease spread by rat fleas across Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England in the summer of 1348. It reduced England's population from four million to two million by the end of the 14th century.

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