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The Civil War

The Civil War . 1861-1865. The Causes of the Civil War . The Election of 1860 The Tariff of 1816 Railroads and industry are only in the North . The Beginnings of the War. Union still has a hold on Fort Sumpter in Charleston, SC Lincoln’s dilemma

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The Civil War

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  1. The Civil War 1861-1865

  2. The Causes of the Civil War • The Election of 1860 • The Tariff of 1816 • Railroads and industry are only in the North

  3. The Beginnings of the War • Union still has a hold on Fort Sumpter in Charleston, SC • Lincoln’s dilemma • Confederates fire upon Sumpter in April 1861 • Davis’s dilemma

  4. More states leave the Union • Virginia • Arkansas • Tennessee • North Carolina • The case of Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri

  5. Union vs. Confederacy

  6. Advantages @ Start of Civil War

  7. Military Strategies - Union Anaconda Plan 3 goals Naval Blockade Control Mississippi Take Richmond Why?

  8. Military Strategy - Confederacy • Best Offense is a Good Defense • Fighting for livelihood – Way of life • Homefield Advantage

  9. Leadership

  10. Early Battles • Bull Run, Virginia, July 1861 • Significance  1st major bloodshed • Shiloh, Tennessee, March 1862 • Significance  Scouts, Trenches • Monitor vs. Merrimack, March 1862 • Significance  End of wooden ship era

  11. Fight for the Capital Leads to… • Antietam, Maryland – September 1862 • Bloodiest single day in war • 26,000 casualties • Standoff (Tie) • Union had opportunity to end War but did not take advantage • Results…..?

  12. Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 • Day One • Day Two • Day Three • Aftermath

  13. Vicksburg, MsMay 18-July 4, 1863

  14. Politics and Life During the Civil War

  15. Trent Affair, 1861 • Attempt by the Confederacy to gain support from Britain and France

  16. Lincoln and Slavery • Disliked slavery,but felt the federal government should not have the power to ban it • His main goal was to protect the Union • The Emancipation Proclamation • How did Lincoln free slaves in the Confederacy? • Benefits? • Where did it apply? • Northern reactions? • Southern reactions?

  17. Dealing with Dissent • Habeas Corpus • What is it? • Who is arrested? • Conscription • What is it? • Opposition?

  18. Domestic Life during the War • Shortages in the south • Booming in the North

  19. Where are the slaves in the war? • Those left on the plantation • Those who joined to fight • Those trying to free themselves

  20. Medical Attention • United States Sanitary Commission • 1. • 2. • Hospitals

  21. End of the Civil War

  22. Confederacy Wears Down • Change in Military Strategy • Fight for armistice, instead of victory • Confederate Morale Dangerously Low! • Disunity • Jefferson Davis unable to govern effectively • Discord • Disagreement over whether or not to continue the fight • Desertions • Troops leaving to fight for the Union

  23. Total War • Union New Military Strategy • Attack military & civilian – WHY? • Grant & Sherman lead way • Grant vs. Lee in Virginia • Sherman in Georgia & Carolinas

  24. Union’s Occupancy

  25. Appomattox Court House, VA April 9, 1865 • Lee Surrenders to Grant • Remaining Confederate troops surrender within two months

  26. CIVIL WAR LEGACY

  27. Political Changes • Federal government’s power increases • Income Tax • personal income taxed to pay for government purposes • Draft • drafted to fight in war • Paper Currency • individuals must accept new paper currency

  28. Economic Changes • Big Divide • North benefited from war • Businesses thrived • South affected by total war • Lost labor, livestock, railroad, machinery • Southerners earned 40% of Northerners after war

  29. Civil War Destruction on Human Life: A Comparison

  30. Social Change • 13th Amendment – January 1865 • Outlawed slavery • 4 million African Americans freed – NOW WHAT? • Results • How does US introduce, or incorporate into society? • War Veterans • War is over, where to go? • Some stayed in Military, others headed west for new opportunities

  31. Lincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865 • 5 days after Lee surrendered • John Wilkes Booth kills Lincoln at Ford’s Theater, as Lincoln is watching a play. • Lincoln died the following morning • 1st time a president had been assassinated in US History • Booth killed during the attempted captured 12 days later

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