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Explicit and implicit responses to environmental sounds

Explicit and implicit responses to environmental sounds. Alex Ronald López Rolón Ronny Werner Christian Kaernbach Institut für Allgemeine Psychologie Universität Leipzig. Early Motivation. G oose P imple S ounds (GPS) Chalk on blackboard ... Peter Bailey’s group:

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Explicit and implicit responses to environmental sounds

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  1. Explicit and implicit responses to environmental sounds Alex Ronald López RolónRonny WernerChristian Kaernbach Institut für Allgemeine PsychologieUniversität Leipzig

  2. Early Motivation • Goose Pimple Sounds (GPS) • Chalk on blackboard • ... • Peter Bailey’s group: • it’s not similarity to primate warning calls • 2.8 kHz component is most important, but • integrity of total stimulus is also important • context may play an important role

  3. First study: Method, Context 3x3x2 Design: sound sound without with context context context alone Explicit: ratings RT physiol. resp. N=15 N=15 N=15 dimension: pleasure arousal pleasure arousal pleasure arousal Implicit

  4. Stimuli • 7 sounds from IADS sound database (Bradley & Lang) • “International Affective Digitized Sound System” • in total 111 sounds • in analogy to IAPS “International Affective Picture System” • IADS sounds are 6 s long • some sounds in IADS are not well prepared • IADS sounds come with valence and arousal ratings • choose 7 sounds such as to “cover the ground” • 3 sounds from Peter Bailey, University of York • chalk on blackboard, grinding engine, dropping spade • 2 musical instrument sounds • all sounds cut to 2 s length, and leveled in rms power

  5. Stimuli context gähnende Frau Babylachen Babyschrei lachende Menschen Schrei einer Frau Gesang Schweinegrunzen große Maschine Kreidequietschen fallender Spaten tiefer Celloton Klarinette yawning women laughing baby crying baby laughing people cry of a woman chant grunting pig big engine squeaking chalk dropping a spade bass note on cello clarinet

  6. Explicit ratings • Self Assessment Manikin, SAM (Bradley & Lang) • pleasure scale • arousal scale • dominance scale

  7. Explicit ratings: First results

  8. Implicit responses • Motivation: • It is often difficult to verbalize one’s feelings • It might not be politically correct to state explicitly one’s emotional reaction to certain stimuli • Emotion systems are different from cognitive systems • Intact emotional memory in amnesic patient (Claparède, 1911) • Emotional memory closely linked to implicit memory • Methods • RT: based on Implicit Association Test • physiological responses

  9. love good black bad white good black bad white murder good black bad white good black bad white What is the Implicit Association Test? • alternating tasks • relevant task on irrelevant material • irrelevant task on relevant material • (dual) key assignments • blockwise constant • vary between blocks • react as fast as possible F A I L U R E

  10. Our Implicit Association Test-Based Reaction Time Measure • relevant task on irrelevant material • 24 pictures from IAPS data base • 6 pleasant 6 unpleasant pictures  “pleasance IAT” • 6 arousing 6 non-arousing pictures  “arousal IAT” • irrelevant task on relevant material • sound localization • 1-ms delay causes clear-cut localization effect • difference from classical IAT: • We had a single stimulus design • not classes (black faces versus white faces) but single stimuli • repeat sound stimuli • use only RT data on sound localization task F A I L U R E

  11. IAT-Based RT: First results • some RT differences significantly different from zero in condition “sound” • however: no correlations whatsoever were found F A I L U R E

  12. Physiological response • Arousal: • Electrodermal activity (EDA) • paired with SAM ratings • Pleasure: • EMG of m. corrugator and/or m. zygomaticus? • Startle reflex? • ??? • start in June

  13. intestines blood k1 k2 A B EDA analysis • Fit of appropriate templatePharmacokinetics suggest: Bateman function diffusion from compartment A into B with time constant k1 elimination from compartment B with time constant k2

  14. Event-related EDA (ER-EDA) (N.B: EEhaah! Mamma, we got Event-Related EDA!) • visible increase of activity after event

  15. Correlation of ER-EDA to SAM ratings • condition “sound only” elicits ER-EDA correlated to arousal ratings sound alone sound with context context alone

  16. Discussion • Explicit ratings correlate with IADS ratings • pleasure: good correlation even for “description only” • arousal: correlation is best for “sound only” • IAT-based Reaction Time effects non-consistent • IAT-based RT seems not to apply to single-stimulus design • coming soon: affective priming • Event-related EDA correlates with arousal ratings for condition “sound only” • simultaneous visual cue lessens arousal • context (if given) should be non-predictive • facial EMG to follow soon

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