CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL CHANGES

1. CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL CHANGES Will Walters, Mitchell Torjman, Andrew Richey, Frankie Puccio

2. Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity • There is no single spatial and chronological framework in the universe. • According to the theory, it no longer made sense to speak of space and time as absolutes, because the measurement of those categories always varies with the motion of the observer. That space and time are relative to the person measuring them.

3. Werner Hisenberger Uncertainty Principle • 1927, impossible to state position and velocity of a subatomic particle at the same time. • In quantum mechanics, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle states by precise inequalities that certain pairs of physical properties, such as position and momentum, cannot be simultaneously known to arbitrarily high precision

4. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory • Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the mechanism of repression. • Also for creating the clinical method of psychoanalysis for investigating the mind and treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. • Freud established sexual drives as the primary motivational forces of human life, developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association, discovered the phenomenon of transference in the therapeutic relationship and established its central role in the analytic process • He interpreted dreams as sources of insight into unconscious desires.

5. Spread of Art & Architecture • Pablo Picasso (1881 – 1973) , the leading proponent of cubism. He displayed the influence of African art forms. • The perspective of Japanese painters inspired many Europeans artists to create a new style and take similar liberties with realism. Some famous painters that took this style were Edger Degas and Paul Gauguin.

6. Architecture (Bauhaus) • The Bauhaus was created by Walter Gropius, and it was an institution that brought together architects, designers, and painters from several countries that introduced the functional style architecture that dominated for the next half of the century.

7. Medical Technology • From 1914 to 1921 41,000 men just from Britain lost limbs. The creation of artificial limbs was first brought into use. • At first during the war, blood transfusions were very risky, but later techniques bettered and it was a more useful tool for saving lives. • Another advance was the process of facial reconstruction.