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Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions. Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Individualism vs. Collectivism Masculinity vs.Femininity Long-term vs. short-term. Selected Countries on the Uncertainty Avoidance & Masculinity Scales. Uncertainty Avoidance Index. Status Quo. Risk-taking. Fem. SWE.

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Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions

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  1. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions • Power distance • Uncertainty avoidance • Individualism vs. Collectivism • Masculinity vs.Femininity • Long-term vs. short-term

  2. Selected Countries on theUncertainty Avoidance & Masculinity Scales • Uncertainty Avoidance Index Status Quo Risk-taking Fem SWE YUG FRAN SPN SING Masculinity Index GRE HK GER SO AMER So AMER USA GB Masc JAPAN

  3. Selected Countries on theUncertainty Avoidance & Power Distance Scales • Uncertainty Avoidance Index High - Status Quo Risk-taking -Low Low SWE GER GB USA Power Distance Index JAPAN SPN GRE FRAN SO AMER YUG HK SING IND PHIL High

  4. Congressional Legislation • Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts • Equal Pay Act (1963) • men & women paid equally for equal work • Title VII of Civil Rights Act (1964) • covers race,color,religion,sex and national origin • 15 or more employees • Age Discrimination Act (1967) • over 40 years of age • 15 or more employees • Vocational Rehabilitation Act (1973) • affirmative action for people with disabilities IRWIN • a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., company, 1997

  5. Congressional Legislation(cont.) • Vietnam Era Veteran’s Readjustment Act (1974) • affirmative action for Vietnam vets • Civil Rights Act (1991) • adds compensatory and punitive damages • Americans with Disabilites Act (1990) • prohibits discrimination based on disability • “reasonable accomodation” • determine “essential” job functions • Family and Medical Leave Act (1993) • 12 weeks of unpaid leave • firms with more than 50 employees IRWIN • a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., company, 1997

  6. Executive Orders • Number 11246 • affirmative action targets for women & minorities • Number 11478 • government employment policies based on merit & fitness IRWIN • a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., company, 1997

  7. Affirmative Action Plans • Utilization analysis • Goals and timetables • Action steps have three basic components: IRWIN • a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., company, 1997

  8. Types of Discrimination Disparate Treatment Disparate Impact Pattern or Practice - Yes - member of protected group - show BFOQ - reason a pretext - compensatory/ punitive - McDonnell Douglas v. Green Hopkins v. Price Waterhouse - No - statistical disparity - show job relatedness - other ways exist - equitable relief - Griggs v. Duke Power Wards Cove v. Atonio - Yes - statistical disparity & individual cases - workforce need not mirror population - compensatory/ punitive - Hazelwood School District v. U.S. - Show intent? - Prima facie case - Employer’s defense - Plaintiff’s rebuttal - Damages - Key litigation IRWIN • a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., company, 1997

  9. Current Diversity Issues • Sexual Harassment • Bundy v. Jackson “quid pro quo” • Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson hostile working environment • Affirmative action & reverse discriminatrion • Americans with Disabitilies Act • Religious Discrimination IRWIN • a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., company, 1997

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