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Surface ( 表层 ) versus volume ( 深层 ) emission in photon-hadron correlations. Han-Zhong Zhang Institute of Particle Physics, Huazhong Normal University, China Collaborators: E. Wang, J. Owens and X.-N. Wang. Introduction Analysis on photon-hadron correlations Conclusion.
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Surface (表层) versus volume (深层)emission in photon-hadron correlations Han-Zhong Zhang Institute of Particle Physics, Huazhong Normal University, China Collaborators: E. Wang, J. Owens and X.-N. Wang • Introduction • Analysis on photon-hadron correlations • Conclusion The international workshop for QCD/HIC July 10-12 , 2008
I. Introduction leading particle hadrons q q hadrons leading particle Leading particle suppressed hadrons q q hadrons N-N collision A-A collision leading particle suppressed What happens for a jet propagating inside QGP? Jet quenching: X.-N.Wang and M.Gyulassy, Phys.Rev.Lett.68,1480(1992) The hard jet loses a significant amount of its energy via radiating gluon induced by multiple scattering.
Three kinds of hard probes of QGP • Single jet Single hadron spectra • Dijet Hadron-triggered away-side hadron spectra • Gamma-jet Photon-triggered away-side hadron spectra Single jet Dijet Gamma-jet H.Z. Zhang, J.F. Owens, E. Wang and X.-N. Wang , PRL 98(2007)212301 ?
Motivation • Gamma-jets were suggested for studying jet energy loss in dense matter. X. -N. Wang, Z. Huang, and I. Sarcevic, PRL 77(1996) 231-234. • The NLOstudy of the photon-triggered away-side hadron spectra will help to obtain the detailed picture of jet quenching in the whole $z_T$ region. • The sensitivity of Gamma-jets to probe the dense matter.
Gamma-jet by NLO pQCD parton model LO: NLO corrections: (e.g. 23) therefore leading to hadrons with transverse momentum larger than that of the photons
The fragmentation of the jets off the dense matter medium vacuum (X. -N. Wang , PRC70(2004)031901) The jet energy loss in a 1D expanding system: Energy loss parameter (a parameterization form of theory calculations)Enke Wang , X. -N. Wang , PRL87(2001)142301)
II. High p_T photon-triggered away-side hadron spectra within a NLO pQCD parton model in heavy ion collisions High p_T photon sources in p+p: 1) Direct photon from hard scattering LO NLO Annihilation Compton 23 one-loop J. F. Owens, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 465(1987); H. Baer, J. Ohnemus, and J. F. Owens, Phys. Rev. D. 42, 61(1990)
Most accompanying hadrons are within a cone of half-angle 2) Fragmentation (bremsstrahlung) contributions (accompanied by nearly collinear hadrons on the same side) J. F. Owens, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 465(1987); H. Baer, J. Ohnemus, and J. F. Owens, Phys. Rev. D. 42, 61(1990)
Isolated photons in p+p at RHIC isolation cuts (IC): Because of IC selected at RHIC, most fragmentation contributions from parton jets are taken out. PRL 98 (2007) 012002 The left are mainly from annihilation and Compton processes, direct photon.
Focus on isolated photons now If we only consider the events where the photon has no nearly collinear hadrons accompanying on the same side, high p_T photon/photon-hadron will be dominated by annihilation and Compton processes. Only consider on annihilation and Compton photons !!! No consideration for energy loss of jets fragmentated into photons in AA. The left direct photons don’t encounter energy loss. Quenching picture is simply and clearly exhibited by the correlated parton jets.
High p_T direct photon dominates in central Au+Au at RHIC Turbide, Gale, Jeon, Moore, Phys. Rev. C. 72 (2005) 014906 Annihilation and Compton processes dominate for high p_T photons in AA.
Per-trigger yield for photon-hadron production in p+p Per-trigger yield as a function of the p_T of the triggered photon: NLO pQCD results describe the behavior of the data for photon-hadron produced in p+p at 200GeV Data from “Matthew Nguyen for PHENIX, talk at QM2008”
Per-trigger yield for photon-hadron in central Au+Au NLO Qualitatively, Iaa in small z_T region is slightly more sensitive to epsilon_0 than Iaa in large z_T region. Why? LO
NLO Ngh > 0 at z_T>1: surface emission At large z_T: medium contributions vanish due to jet quenching, dominated by vacuum contributions. For LO, the jet’s energy can’t exceed the gamma’s energy, no contributions for z_T>1 region. For NLO, because of contributions from 2->3 processes, the jet’s energy can exceed the gamma’s energy, have z_T>1 contributions.
For small z_T: Volume emission At small z_T: both contribute
Surface versus Volume emission The averaged distance <L> for the gamma-triggered parton jets passing through the quark matter. Volume emission Surface emission Small zt probes the matter deeper than large zt, so more sensitive.
Data from “A. Hamed for STAR, talk at QM2008”
Single hadron Dihadron Photon-hadron NLO More sensitive probe?
Small-zt gamma-jets vs single jets Gamma-jet small zT Single jet Gam-jets for small zt probes the matter deeper than single jets.
Small-zt gamma-jets vs dijets Gamma-jet Dijet small zT Because of punch-through jets for dihadrons, it is not sure that small-zt gam-jets are more sensitive than dijets.
Comparisons between gamma-h and dihadron in pp/AuAu e.g. Trig=8GeV, zt=0.5 hadr:8 jet:12 jet:12 assoc: 4 p+p: Per trigger gamm:8 jet:8 assoc: 4
Comparisons between gamma-h and dihadron in pp/AuAu Data from “A. Hamed for STAR, talk at HP2008” e.g. Trig=8GeV, zt=0.5 hadr:8 12 12 assoc: 4 Tangential ~pp Au+Au: Per trigger gamm:88 6 assoc: 4 Volume emission
III. Conclusions • The suppression factor for hadrons with large z_T • is controlled mainly by the surface emission of the • gamma-jet events, while small z_T region will be • volume emission bias. • Gamma-jets for small z_T region probe the dense matter deeper than those for large z_T region, so the gamma-jets for small z_T region are slightly more sensitive to the dense matter properties. Thank for your attention!
Spatial transversedistribution of the initial partonproduction points that contribute to the single and dihadron along agiven direction at RHIC Color strength: single/dihadron yield from the jets originating from the square Dominated bydijetsclose and tangential tothe surface and the punch-through dijets Dominated by jetsclose and perpendicular tothe surface single hadron dihadron Thickness of the outer corona 25% contribution
NLO direct photon in central Au+Au at RHIC • No parton jet energy loss • Isospin effects • Shadowing effects Data from “PRL. 98 (2007) 012002”
“NLO I_AA ” > “LO I_AA” for large z_T For large z_T,
Energy loss parameter Initial gluon density coefficient Parton jet energy loss per unit length: E. Wang , X. -N. Wang , PRL87(2001)142301) (a parameterization form of theory calculations) B. B. Back for PHOBOS, nucl-ex/0604017v1