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Paternal Involvement with Special Needs Children

Paternal Involvement with Special Needs Children. Emily L. Furst Greer Litton Fox Vey M. Nordquist. Purpose. Empowerment Identity Theory Variables Contextual Variables Paternal Involvement with Special Needs Children. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)- U.S.

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Paternal Involvement with Special Needs Children

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  1. Paternal Involvement with Special Needs Children Emily L. Furst Greer Litton Fox Vey M. Nordquist

  2. Purpose • Empowerment • Identity Theory Variables • Contextual Variables • Paternal Involvement with Special Needs Children

  3. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)- U.S. • Access to public education • Services to children under the age of three • Tennessee’s Early Intervention System (TEIS)

  4. Fathers of Special Needs Children • Paternal Role Salience • Reflected Appraisals • Paternal Satisfaction • Empowerment • Paternal Involvement

  5. Identity Theory • Multiple roles and identities must be assigned meaning and importance • Actions will reflect the assigned meanings • Current Research • Fox & Bruce (2001)

  6. Empowerment • A process of gaining knowledge and information regarding available resources • Learning to navigate the system • Current Research • Curtis & Singh (1996) • Fagan & Stevenson (2002)

  7. Hypotheses • Empowerment and paternal involvement will be mediated by the identity theory variables • Financial Strain will moderate the relationship between empowerment and paternal involvement, as mediated by the identity theory variables

  8. The Current Study • The Pathways Research Project • Paternal data only • Six of the 21 questionnaires • The Family Empowerment Scale • Parental Role Salience Scale • Parent Satisfaction Scale • Assessment of Parenting Scale • Subjective Assessment of Financial Well-Being Scale • Single Item Indicators of Education and Income • Parent Involvement Scale

  9. Fathers’ Characteristics (N = 138) • 93% Caucasian • 95% Married • 46% Bachelor’s Degree or More • Income • 26% earned less than $29,999 • 34% earned between $30,000 and $59,999 • 34% earned above $60,000

  10. Children’s Characteristics • Mean age of 28.5 months • 62% Male, 38% Female • Diagnoses included Developmental Delays, Speech and/or Hearing Delays, Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Down Syndrome, and Spina Bifida

  11. Results: Hierarchical Regression • Contextual Mediating Model • Significant model accounting for 31.5% of the total variance of paternal involvement (F = 15.26; p < .001)

  12. Results: Hierarchical Regression • Contextual Moderating Model • Low Financial Strain Group (N = 70) • Significant model accounting for 24.8% of the total variance (F = 7.02; p < .001) • High Financial Strain Group (N = 68) • Significant model accounting for 33.7% of the total variance (F = 11.19; p < .001) • Empowerment accounted for 21.9% of the total variance (F = 19.03; p < .001)

  13. Discussion • Contextual Variables • Identity Theory Variables • Empowerment and Paternal Involvement • Significance of Empowerment for Financially Strained Fathers

  14. Implications • Begins bridging the gap • Parsimonious Model • Significance of Empowerment

  15. Limitations & Future Research • Limitations • Characteristics of the Sample • Children’s Diagnoses • Mean Substitutions • Future Research • Replication of the Current Study • Longitudinal Study

  16. References Curtis, W. J. & Singh, N. N. (1996). Family involvement and empowerment in mental health service provision for children with emotional and behavioral disorders. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 5, 503-517. Fagan, J., & Stevenson, H. (2002). An experimental study of an empowerment-based intervention for African American Head Start fathers. Family Relations, 51, 191-198. Fox, G. L. & Bruce, C. (2001). Conditional fatherhood: Identity theory and parental investment theory as alternative sources of explanation of fathering. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 394-403. Higgins, W. B. (2005). Father perspectives on the relationship between family-centered practices and empowerment outcomes in early intervention. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. McBride, B. A. & Rane, T. R. (1997). Role identity, role investments, and paternal involvement: Implications for parenting programs for men. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 12, 173-197. Scheel, M. J., & Rieckmann, T. (1998). An empirically derived description of self-efficacy and empowerment for parents of children identified as psychologically disordered. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 26, 15-27. Singh, N. N. (1995). In search of unity: Some thoughts on family-professional relationships in service delivery systems. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 4, 3-18.

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