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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. A page from the original 14 th century manuscript . Manuscript History. Vitellius. Nero. Exists only in one manuscript from the late 14 th century Manuscript referred to as Cotton Nero A.x . [ u nder the bust of Nero, top shelf (A), ten books over]
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Manuscript History Vitellius Nero • Exists only in one manuscript from the late 14th century • Manuscript referred to as Cotton Nero A.x.[under the bust of Nero, top shelf (A), ten books over] • Cotton Nero A.x. also contains three other poems (Pearl, Cleanness, and Patience)
Anonymous author • Sometimes called the “Pearl Poet” or the “Gawain Poet” • Written in a Northern dialect • Author obviously familiar with life of the nobility Original manuscript illustration (Which scene is this?)
Timeline a little context Bayeux Tapestry 1077 1154—An English King (Henry II) back on the throne 1066—William the Norman invades and conquers England Medieval Period 1154-1485 Viking/Anglo-Saxon Rule 410-1066 Norman Rule 1066-1154 410—Romans retreat from England 1347—Black Death kills 50% of the population 991—Battle of Maldon
vs. Epic Romance
Courtly Love: "rules" that were developed to regulate the lovers' behaviors. • First appeared in medieval France. • Ideal is a man's unrequited (unreturned) love for a woman. • Usually the woman is the wife of another man —usually a nobleman or king (like King Arthur). • The lovelorn hero feels inferior to the woman, and he flatters her. • He desires to serve her, and does everything he can to be more worthy of her love (but they aren’t supposed to actually sleep together!).
Scary Celtic folklore (beheading games, exchanges of winnings) + fancy French Romance (happy knights on quests) = Unusual Romance
Pentangle/infinite knot: 1. Five senses free of sin 2. Five fingers never failed him 3. Christ’s five wounds (all his earthly hope was in Christ) 4.Five Joys of Mary: Annunciation, Nativity, Resurrection, Ascension, and Assumption (from which his courage came) 5. Knightly virtues: generosity, fellowship, piety, chastity, and courtesy
Der Hl. Augustinus und der Teufel or Der Hl. Wolfgang und der Teufel 1471 -1475?