The American Civil War

1. Introduction to the Civil War Comparing the North and the South Strategy During the War Life During the War Fighting During the War The Final Phase Part I The Final Phase Part II The American Civil War

2. America: The Story of Us Today you will be completing a video response sheet to preview the events that occurred during the Civil War.

3. Activity: WHO AM I??? With this activity you will need to go around to all of your classmates and identify the names that are on your sheet to learn about the influence each of these individuals had on the Civil War – before, during and after.

4. Bell Ringer • Word Sort • Read through the words. • Organize words in a way that makes sense to you. • Why did you organize the words the way you did? • In your notes, write down the words as they appear on your desk.

5. Objectives Discuss the attempts made to compromise with the secessionists. Analyze how the fall of Fort Sumter affected the relationship between the Union and the Confederacy.

6. On the Brink of War • The Republican Party wins the election of 1860 • Southern states begin to secede • In 1861, six states become part of the Confederate States of America • S. Carolina first to secede • South’s president – Jefferson Davis

7. Last Attempts at Compromise • Crittenden Compromise • Continue on Missouri Line • Lincoln agreed with protecting slavery where it was • Determined to preserve the Union

8. The Fall of Fort Sumter • Ft. Sumter in a strategic location • Located in harbor of Charleston, S.C. • Lincoln resupplies troops • Troops are ordered to evacuate, they refuse • Forced to surrender • Fighting was intended to last 3 months

9. Activities • Put together your Civil War Journal • Diary Cover • Important Terms • Important People • Timeline • Map of Civil War • Daily Entries • Interesting Facts/Quotes • Civil War Statistics • Civil War KWL • Video: Review the Civil War video and what makes Ft. Sumter symbolic.

10. Review What events led up to the start of the Civil War? How did Lincoln becoming president have an impact on states seceding? Why did Crittenden want to prevent states from seceding? Where is Fort Sumter located? Why was this a key fort?

11. Introduction to the Civil War Comparing the North and the South Strategy During the War Life During the War Fighting During the War The Final Phase Part I The Final Phase Part II The American Civil War

12. Bell Ringer • Get out your Civil War Journal, turn to your KWL page and fill in the first two columns. • Look at page 127 and answer the two Analyzing Visuals questions. • Next, in the first box on the Statistics page of your Civil War Journal, copy down three sets of statistics mentioned on page 127 that you believe are the most significant to the battle.

13. Review What events led up to the start of the Civil War? How did Lincoln becoming president have an impact on states seceding? Why did Crittenden want to prevent states from seceding? Where is Fort Sumter located? Why was this a key fort?

14. Objective Describe the influence major leaders had during the Civil War. Identify the advantages each side possessed at the beginning of the war.

15. Advantages During the War • North • More soldiers • Economic advantage • In control of industry • Easily move troops and supplies • U.S. Navy sided with the Union • South • Smaller area to defend • Great military leader

16. Resources • Soldiers • Estimates of 2.7 million served in the Union • Estimates of 570,000 served in the Confederacy • 3,530 American Indians, 180,000 blacks served in the Union army • 5,500 American Indians served for the Confederacy – WHY???

17. Technology/Weapons • Gatling Gun (machine gun) • Large number of deaths • Land mines • Explosion on contact • Sea mines • Mostly used by Confederates • Ironclad ships • Replaced wooden ships • Hot-air balloons • Spy on confederate defenses • Photography • Changed the way people looked at slavery

18. Technology in the Civil War

19. Introduction to the Civil War Comparing the North and the South Strategy During the War Life During the War Fighting During the War The Final Phase Part I The Final Phase Part II The American Civil War

20. Bell Ringer • Turn to your “Important Quotes” page in your Civil War Journal • Respond to the following quote, interpret what the author is saying… • “Men like war. It makes ‘em feel big. There’s nothin’ so bad it can’t be talked out without fightin’.” • Next, read over “Lincoln Asks for 75,000 Volunteers” and summarize what you read. • Why do you think he needs to ask for volunteers?

21. Objectives Contrast the military strategies of the North and South. Describe the daily hardships soldiers faced.

22. Strategy of the North – War of Attrition • Primary goal: Restore the Union • Three part strategy: • Capture Richmond • Gain control of the Mississippi • Naval blockade of the South • Also known as the ANACONDA PLAN

23. Strategy of the South • Capture Washington and invade the North • Shatter morale and communications • Win support from Europe • Due to dependence on cotton • Failed when Egypt comes to the rescue • Choice of war to focus on

24. Life of a Soldier • Young recruits were enthusiastic • No standard uniforms, lack of supplies • North (Union) = blue • South (Confederacy) = gray • Unsanitary conditions led to diseases, death • 65% of deaths were caused by disease, infection and malnutrition • Worst in POW camps – some deserted

25. Uniforms during war Northern Soldier Southern Soldier

26. Life of a Drummer Boy Typical responsibility was to take care of farm Role of the drummer boy was to make several alerts during war – regroup, retreat Last time they are used in war

27. Review What was the plan of the North? What was the plan of the South? Why were the conditions for the soldiers so bad? How did the drummer boy have an influence on the battlefield?

28. Introduction to the Civil War Comparing the North and the South Strategy During the War Life During the War Fighting During the War The Final Phase Part I The Final Phase Part II The American Civil War

29. Objectives Report on what life was like during the war on the home front. Explain how civilians contributed to the war.

30. Review What events led up to the Civil War? Why did the southern states secede from the Union? Who was the first state to secede from the Union? Why is Fort Sumter so important to the South? Who is the president in the North? South? Which side has the advantage of population?

31. Review How does the North benefit from industry? What are some of the inventions of the Civil War? What is the primary goal of the North during the Civil War? How did photography have an impact on the way people viewed slavery?

32. The Homefront • Those unable to fight stayed home • North: • Women replace factories workers • Growing participation in volunteer groups • South: • Support through parades, barbecues • Pledge money • “Starvation parties”

33. The Homefront

34. Activity Read about the influence that women had during the Civil War. Summarize what you read and put it into your notes. Next read Clara Barton’s biography.

35. Civilian Aid • Women actively aided the military • Loreta Velazquez • Spy for the South • Harriet Tubman • Spy for the North • Elizabeth Blackwell • First woman doctor • Clara Barton • Created the Red Cross

36. Opposition to the War • First conscription in U.S. history • Southern Opposition • “Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight” • Violates state’s rights • Northern Opposition • Want peace • White men fighting for black man’s freedom • Copperheads – southern sympathizers • Lincoln suspends habeus corpus

37. Copperheads

38. Possible Assignments Thinking Creatively About History: Write a poem or song written from the viewpoint of someone on the home front. Make sure you address some of the major topics (the new role of women, shortages, family members away at war) in your work. Linking the Past and Present: Write a short essay comparing the home front during the “War on Terror” today and the home front during the Civil War as presented in class.

39. Review What was life like on the home front for both the North and the South? How did women have an impact on the Civil War? Why were some Northerners and Southerners opposed to the war?

40. Introduction to the Civil War Comparing the North and the South Strategy During the War Life During the War Fighting During the War The Final Phase Part I The Final Phase Part II The American Civil War

41. Activity • Today you will be creating a timeline of battles that occurred during the Civil War. • You must include the following on your timeline: • Name of the battle/Military leaders • Date of battle/Length • Map of where the battle occurred • Outcome of the battle

42. Introduction to the Civil War Comparing the North and the South Strategy During the War Life During the War Fighting During the War The Final Phase Part I The Final Phase Part II The American Civil War

43. Objectives Identify the change in war goals. Explain the outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg.

44. Review Have your Significant Civil War Battles on your desk to review.

45. Significant Civil War Battles • First Bull Run = long, costly war • New Orleans = limit trading, control Mississippi • Antietam = crucial victory for North, British do not intervene, leads to… • Emancipation Proclamation = end slavery in states that left Union (Jan. 1, 1863) • Becomes “war of liberation” • Chancellorsville = lose a crucial leader, “Stonewall”

46. Gettysburg Quotes “Men were falling all around us, and cannon and muskets were raining death upon us.” ~G.W. Finley “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.” ~Abraham Lincoln

47. Gettysburg • Lee’s efforts are focused on Gettysburg • Pickett’s Charge was found to be unsuccessful • Battle proves… • Confederacy can be beaten • British will not intervene or recognize Confederacy • Lincoln dedicates the land in Nov. 1863

49. Assignment – Article “How Slavery Really Ended • While reading, use context clues to define the following: • Asylum, citadel, summoned, contraband, segregated • After reading the article, write down one paragraph that details the Northern response to the Emancipation Proclamation and one paragraph that details the Southern response to the Emancipation Proclamation.

50. Introduction to the Civil War Comparing the North and the South Strategy During the War Life During the War Fighting During the War The Final Phase Part I The Final Phase Part II The American Civil War