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The Civil War. Chapter 15. Lincoln’s Election, Cabinet, and Early Tests. Balanced cabinet with different opinions! (Seward!) Politics as Usual… Radical Republicans (Stevens) Peace Democrats/Copperheads Lincoln suspends liberties: martial law, writs of habeas corpus
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The Civil War Chapter 15
Lincoln’s Election, Cabinet, and Early Tests • Balanced cabinet with different opinions! (Seward!) • Politics as Usual… • Radical Republicans (Stevens) • Peace Democrats/Copperheads • Lincoln suspends liberties: martial law, writs of habeas corpus • Ex parte Merryman, Ex Parte Milligan • ClemantVallandingham?
How did each side FINANCE the war? • North: 3% tax on incomes over $800, direct tax on states, $140 million of loans, excise taxes on products and services, 1863 overhaul banking system. Borrowed $2.2 Billion! $431 million in “greenbacks” issued • End of war cost of living DOUBLED in North! • South: Loans and bonds, inflated currency. States’ rights philosophy HURT here, too. BLOCKADE hurt ability to raise money through tariffs. Only covered 2% of needs with taxation! Borrowed heavily. HOPING for help from BRITAIN.
Trent Affair: Causes and Effects? • November 1861: USS San Jacinto stops a British vessel, the Trent, on its way to negotiations with CSA in London (Mason and Slidell arrested!) • Lincoln’s response?
War Strategies and Major Campaigns • Fort Sumter: Causes and effects • “Anaconda Plan:” Whose idea was it? How specifically did it work? • First Battle of Bull Run • Shiloh: Causes, effects, and leaders • McClellan’s Peninsula Campaign and early attempts to take Richmond • Antietam :Causes, effects, and leaders • Emancipation Proclamation: what did it do? What did it NOT do? Why was it also a MILITARY move? • NYC Draft Riots: causes and effects • African American Soldiers: How and why were they used in the war? • Gettysburg: Causes, effects, and leaders • Vicksburg: Causes, effects, and leaders • Women in Wartime • Medicine during wartime • Prisoners of War: Spotlight on the Andersonville Prison • Grant’s Wilderness Campaign: Causes, effects, and leaders • Sherman’s March to the Sea: Causes, effects, and leaders • Surrender at Appomattox Court House, VA and the RESULTS of the war for all sides
Fort Henry and Ft. Donelson, Feb. 1862 • Merrimac vs. Monitor, March 1862, VA • Shiloh, Tennessee • New Orleans, 1862, General Farragut • Peninsular Campaign: March –July 1862, Southern VA • 2nd Battle of Bull Run (VA) August 1862 • Emancipation Proclamation: Sept. 23, 1862 (went into effect on January 1, 1863)
Remaining Info! • Fredericksburg: Central VA, General Burnside • Chancellorsville, General Hooker, Jackson is mistakenly killed! • Vicksburg: July 1863, Mississippi, all of Mississippi River in UNION control • Gettysburg; July 1863, Lee retreats • Chattanooga, Nov. 1863 • Grant promoted in March 1864, assault on Richmond • Wilderness, Central VA, GRANT states, “I propose…” • Petersburg, South of Richmond (VA), siege of Petersburg • Atlanta to Savannah Sept-Dec 1864, Sherman destroys Atlanta, marches to SEA • Lee surrenders, April 9, 1865, Appomattox Court House, VA, surrenders to GRANT