Update Notebooks EQ: What reform movements take shape in this era?

1. 1/27 TJ Administration 67 1/28 Louisiana Purchase 68 2/3 Expedition Log 69 2/3 JM Administration Power Thinking 70 2/6 Monroe’s 1st Administration 71 2/7 Monroe’s 2nd Administration 72 2/10 Reform Era LGS 73 2/10 Reform Era SPC 74 2/11 Andrew Jackson Power Thinking 75 2/12 Seminole Indian Video Notes 76 2/13 Trail of Tears Power Thinking 77 2/18 Reform Movements 78 Update Notebooks EQ: What reform movements take shape in this era? TSWBAT evaluate the various reform movements

2. Objective and Scales • The student will be able to describe the expansion of democracy and compare and contrast the various reform movements (temperance, prison/mentally ill, education, antislavery, women’s suffrage, with 80% accuracy • Where does today’s objective fit into the unit learning goal scale? • Objective D, E, F, H, I WHOA! • What do you need to be able to accomplish with objective D and E to reach MASTERY LEVEL or SCALE Everest? • TOC: Page 79 Reform Movements

3. The idea of reform • A drive to improve society and the lives of Americans during the mid 1800’s, especially • The disadvantaged • Enslaved • Urban poor • The Age of Jackson was a time of expanding democracy. In the 1830s many Americans became interested in social reform, organized attempts to improve conditions of life • The spirit of reform brought changes to • Religion-2nd Great Awakening • Abolitionist Movement • Public Schools • Women’s rights/suffrage • Prisons/mentally ill facilities • Transcendentalists • Utopian Communities • Temperance

4. In your groups you will be creating a brief presentation of a reform movement: • You should include: What started the movement (what were they trying to reform), important leaders, what were their goals, what did they accomplish, what struggles did they face. • You should plan a way to organize the information (Cornell or Power Notes) as well as a small reflection activity (summary, illustrated summary, OSS ect) starting on page 78 • Your group will receive a grade for the presentation and the organization of the content (20 points possible-Out of class assignment grade) • All group members should have their reform movement planned in their notebook • Each group will have only ten minutes to present so plan your time wisely.

5. Group Assignments: • Group One: Second Great Awakening and Utopian Societies • Group Two: Temperance Movement • Group Three: Prison/Mentally Ill Reform Movement • Group Four: Education Reform, AA Education Reform • Group Five: Antislavery (Abolitionist Movement) • Group Six: Women’s rights reform

6. 2. Second Great Awakening “All sorts of abandoned characters are awakened and converted…” • Beginning in the early 1800s new generation of religious ministers challenged traditional religious views • The 2nd Great Awakening preached that people’s own actions determined their salvation • Charles Finney was among these new preachers, he held religious revivals or huge outdoor religious meetings • This new religious revival blended well with the new political ideas of the time about democracy and independence.

7. 3. Utopian Societies • A few people thought to improve society by creating perfect communities called utopias(perfect society). Harmony, Indiana was a “utopia” established by Robert Owen in 1825. • Turned out to be anything BUT a utopia

8. 4. Temperance Movement • Many reformers supported temperance or an organized effort to end alcohol abuse and the problems created by it • Alcohol was widely used, whiskey was cheaper than milk!! • Alcoholism and alcohol abuse reached an epidemic • This reform movement drew many women supporters b/c it was often women and children that suffered at the hands of alcoholic husbands/fathers • Other reforms called for stricter action or the total ban of the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol called prohibition.

9. 5. Prison Reform/Mentally Ill facilities • Prisons were poorly heated, had inadequate food, and cramped conditions • Chains and cages were used on the mentally ill inside the prisons • Many were not criminals, but were debtors • Dorothea Dix a MA, school teacher was one of the first to take up prison reform and mentally ill reform • She worked to convince state legislatures to build new, more sanitary, and more humane prisons • Dorothea work helped remove the mentally ill from prisons and into separate institutions called asylums (provided treatment, not punishment)

10. 6. Education Reform “…enrich their minds with knowledge…” • Education was another area of concern for reforms • Massachusetts became the first state to pass laws requiring public schools, free schools supported by taxes • Reforms argued that education was necessary to create informed voters • Horace Mann of MA, took the lead in education reform. He argued democracy depended on an educated society • He helped to improve the MA public school system, training teachers, and lengthen the school year • Other states followed MA’s example and by the 1850s many Northeastern states had public schools. Southern and Western states lagged behind

11. 7. Education for A.A. • Improvements in public education did little to nothing for A.A education • Because of the ______ ______, Southern states prohibited teaching enslaved people to read or write • Schools in the North were segregated • However, in 1855 MA became the first state to admit AA students to public school • Some AA attended private colleges such as Harvard and Oberlin First AA to graduate from Harvard, class of 1870 Richard T Greener

12. Summary and Progress Chart • Under your Cornell Notes: Describe how reform movements improved society in the mid 1880s. Use specific examples and details. (One full paragraph) • Complete progress chart for objective D and E