Limited government means that the power of government is limited by “ natural law .”

1. To pay for the French and Indian War, Great Britain passed a series of taxlaws. Some examples of these laws were the Sugar Act, the Stamp Act, and the Townshend Act.

2. To protest, some colonists boycotted or refused to buy British goods that were taxed and instead smuggled non-British goods into the colonies.

3. Consent of the governed means that government should rule only so long as its citizens consent or agree to be governed. If the people become unhappy with their government or it no longer can protect them, that government loses its right to govern. It if refuses to step down, the people have the right to rebel.

4. Representative government means that people have the right to elect persons to represent them and make political decisions that affect their lives.

5. Limited government means that the power of government is limited by “natural law.”

6. Natural law theory says that people have natural rights – which come from God or nature – that government cannot take away. The most basic of these are life, liberty, and property.

7. A group of citizen soldiers is also called a militia.

8. There were many causes of the American Revolution:A. Americans resented the taxes imposed by Britain to pay for the French and Indian War.

9. There were many causes of the American Revolution: B. Americans resented the fact that they were taxed by Parliament without being represented in Parliament. They believed this taxation without representation was unfair.

10. There were many causes of the American Revolution: C. British officers could search homes without a specific search warrant.

11. There were many causes of the American Revolution: D. Accused smugglers were brought before military courts without a trialby jury.

12. There were many causes of the American Revolution: E. Great Britain sent more soldiers as the unrest grew. This caused greater resentment.

13. There were many causes of the American Revolution: F. Parliament required the colonists to pay for housing soldiers.

14. There were many causes of the American Revolution: G. The Tea Act gave the British East India Company a monopoly or exclusive right to sell tea to America. Tea was a very popular drink, but many colonists refused to buy it because they felt the monopoly was wrong. This led to the Boston Tea Party where the Sons of Liberty dumped several shiploads of tea into Boston Harbor.

15. There were many causes of the American Revolution: H. The Intolerable Acts were meant to punish Boston for the Boston Tea Party. They included closing Boston Harbor, allowing no public elections or meetings in Boston, and the Quartering Act which required colonists to house and feed soldiers.

16. Even though only two to seven people were killed (historians don’t agree on the exact number), the incident in Boston between soldiers and an angry crowd has been nicknamed the Boston Massacre. This is another cause of the American Revolution due to the propaganda surrounding the incident.

17. Did Georgia send anyone to the First Continental Congress?NO!!!

18. The first battle of the American Revolution was on April 19, 1775. Massachusetts “minutemen” and British troops battled at Lexington and Concord. This first battle has been nicknamed “the shot heard ‘round the world.”

19. Did Georgia send delegates to the Second Continental Congress?YES!!!

20. Who was named commander in chief of the continental Army?George Washington

21. In May of 1775, the Second Continental Congress tried to prepare for war or peace. They contacted King George III and asked him to stop the hostilities against the colonies. He refused, and Parliament banned all trade with the colonies.

22. In July of 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. Three Georgians signed it: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Button. All three men have counties named after them now.

23. Thomas Jefferson wrote most of the Declaration of Independence. It had several revolutionary ideas:A. All men are created equal.

24. Thomas Jefferson wrote most of the Declaration of Independence. It had several revolutionary ideas: B. Everyone is born with certain rights that government can’t take away – namely life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

25. Thomas Jefferson wrote most of the Declaration of Independence. It had several revolutionary ideas: C. Government gets its power from the people.

26. Thomas Jefferson wrote most of the Declaration of Independence. It had several revolutionary ideas: D. The people can do away with a government they no longer approve of.

27. People who supported Great Britain were called Loyalists or Tories.

28. People who supported the colonies were called Patriots or Whigs.

29. Georgia was younger, poorer, and more British than the other twelve colonies, so she was slow to join the revolution. Many families were split over the conflict with parents on the Tory side and children on the Whig side.

30. In July of 1775, a “provincial Congress” of delegates from across Georgia met and decided to join the other colonies in boycotting trade with England. They set up a “Council of Safety” to enforce the boycott and work with other colonies.

31. This meant Georgia had two governments for a time – the British royal government under Governor James Wright and the Whigs’ provisional government.

32. In January of 1776, Governor James Wright was arrested. However, he escaped.

33. When the news reached Georgia in August of 1776 that the Declaration of Independence had been signed in July, the reaction was mixed. Some colonists shot off canons and had mock funerals for King George III while others decided to move away.

34. Many problems faced Georgia’s Whig leadership. In addition to the obvious problem of war, many Georgians were still Loyalists. Within the Whig leadership, there was conflict between the city and backcountry members. This even led to the death of a famous Georgian. Who and how did he die?ButtonGwinnett, he died in a duel after he was shot

35. Georgians were divided: about 1/3 Whig, 1/3 Loyalist and 1/3 neutral.

36. By February of 1777, Georgia had a new state constitution. It set up three branches, but they were not equal. Which one was strongest?Legislative

37. The legislative branch only hadone house of legislature called the House of Assembly. It had broad powers.

38. Because of their own negative experiences with royal governors, the writers of the first state constitution for Georgia greatly limited the power of the executive branch. In fact, the governor was chief executive in name only.

39. The new constitution replaced the colonial parishes with counties who would each have their own officials, courthouse, schools, and militia.

40. While Georgia escaped much of the early war, by 1778, the British attacked Savannah. It was a fierce and bloody battle with the British victorious. By 1779, they controlled almost every important Georgia city.

41. While the cities were under British control and Governor Wright returned to Savannah, the backcountry held out for independence.

42. Which side was Nancy Hart fighting for?Patriots

43. Which side was Austin Dabney fighting for?Patriots

44. Many slaves fought on the British side because the British promised freedom to the family and relatives of each new black recruit.

45. At the end of the war, some of the black British soldiers were re-enslaved while many fled to Indian territories in South Georgia or Florida or were evacuated to Canada or the Caribbean.

46. In 1779, Colonel Elijah Clarke led a guerilla force of Patriots at the Battle of Kettle Creek. Who won?Patriots

47. Why was the Battle of Kettle Creek important?Patriots gained ammunition, arms, and horses. They also gained support of many previously unsure Georgians.

48. During the fall of 1779, the fierce and bloody Battle of Savannah was fought between the British and the Patriots (who had help from a French fleet and a Polish nobleman named Count Pulaski). Who won?The British

49. Georgia is the only one of the thirteen original colonies where the king’s government was restored. Fighting continued in the backcountry, however, and Augusta was recaptured by the Whigs in 1781.

50. Spain and France became allies of America. British General Cornwallis moved his troops to Yorktown, Virginia. With the help of a French fleet, Washington mounted a siege. Within days of receiving reinforcements, Cornwallis surrendered . Since communication was so limited then, he didn’t know the reinforcements were so close.