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Jesse arrives at the clinic, he is 14 months old. Though he looks normal in many respects his parents are worried about him . Developmental milestones 1-2. Knows a few parts of the body and can point to them when asked YES NO
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Jesse arrives at the clinic, he is 14 months old Though he looks normal in many respects his parents are worried about him
Developmental milestones 1-2 Knows a few parts of the body and can point to them when asked YES NO Follows simple commands (“Roll the ball”) and understands simple questions (“Where’s your shoe?”) YES NO Enjoys simple stories, songs, and rhymes YES NO Points to pictures, when named, in books YES NO Acquires new words on a regular basis YES NO Uses some one- or two-word questions (“Where kitty?” or “Go bye-bye?”) YES NO Puts two words together (“More cookie” or “No juice”) YES NO Uses many different consonant sounds at the beginning of words
Attention deficit disorder drugs Ritalin is a mild central nervous system stimulant. It affects chemicals in the brain that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control.
Jesse’s brain on autopsy Normal brain
Coronal section Normal brain
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 18Fluorodeoxyglucose Half life = 110 minutes PET scanner
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Horizontal sections Normal brain Area of abnormal Activity (seizure)
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Horizontal sections Normal brain Area of abnormal activity in Alzheimer’s patient
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Horizontal sections Area of abnormal activity (seizure) Brain showing tumor
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) Hydrogen atom MRI scanner
FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (fMRI) Hemoglobin: Oxygenation changes Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ MRI scanner
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) Corpus callosum Structural MRI Functional MRI (Subject read one word)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) Tumor Agenesis of the corpus callosum
Electroencephalopathy (EEG) Amplifier Cap Leads
Electroencephalopathy (EEG) Neurons responsible For the signal Parietal area between electrodes