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SMALL INTESTINE. H.3. SMALL INTESTINE STRUCTURE. SHORT DUODENUM-LIVER & PANCREATIC JUICES ENTER TWO LONG SECTIONS-JEJUNUM & ILLEUM 2 LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUCSLE (CIRCULAR & LONGITUDINAL). MUSCLES CONTRACT & MOVE FOOD ALONG (PERISTALSIS) MUCOSA FORM VILLI
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SMALL INTESTINE H.3
SMALL INTESTINE STRUCTURE • SHORT DUODENUM-LIVER & PANCREATIC JUICES ENTER • TWO LONG SECTIONS-JEJUNUM & ILLEUM • 2 LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUCSLE (CIRCULAR & LONGITUDINAL)
MUSCLES CONTRACT & MOVE FOOD ALONG (PERISTALSIS) • MUCOSA FORM VILLI • EACH VILLUS HAS A CAPPILLARY BED & A LACTEAL (SMALLEST VESSEL OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM)
ABSORPTION • EACH VILLUS HAS MANY MICROVILLI • THEY INCREASE SURFACE AREA FOR ABSORPTION • SOME MOLECULES ARE ABSORBED BY ACTIVE TRANSPORT • EPITHELIAL VILLI CELLS ARE ABUNDANT IN MITOCHONDRIA
PINCYTOTIC VESICLES ARE NEAR THE PLASMA MEMBRANES & ALSO ABSORB MOLECULES INTO VILLI CELLS FROM LUMEN
TIGHT JUNCTIONS • EPITHELIAL CELLS HAVE TIGHT JUNCTIONS BETWEEN ECAH CELL SO THAT NOTHING MOLECULES MOVE IN BETWEEN THE CELLS • ONLY COMPLETELY DIGESTED MOLECULES CAN ENTER THE BLOOD & LYMPH SYSTEM VIA LACTEAL
MECHANISMS FOR ABSORPTION • FACILLITATED DIFFUSION – PROTIEN CHANNELS ALLOW FOR CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS TO DIFFUSE MOLECULES FROM INTESTINAL LUMEN INTO CYTOPLASM OF VILLI CELLS
ACTIVE TRANSPORT – USED WHEN A MARKED CONCENTRATION GRADIENT DOES NOT EXIST & ENERGY IS NEEDED TO TRANSPORT THE MOLECULES INTO THE VILLI CELLS
PINCYTOSIS – ALLOWS SMALL DROPLETS OF FLUIDS TO ENTER THE VILLI CELLS & THEN CONTENTS ARE RELEASED INTO CYTOPLASM & DIFFUSE INTO LACTEAL
WHAT’S NOT ABSORBED? • CELLULOSE • LIGNIN • BILE PIGMENTS (COLON TO FECES) • BACTERIA (NORMAL INTESTINAL INHABITANTS) • INTESTINAL CELLS (BROKEN OFF AS FOOD MOVES THRU LUMEN)
LARGE INTESTINE • REABSORBS H₂O & IONS • NATURALLY OCCURRING BACTERIA RECEIVE NUTRIENTS, WARMTH, & WATER • BACTERIA SYNTHESIZE VITAMIN K • UNDIGESTED MATERIAL IS ELIMINATED AS SOLID WASTE