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Presented by: Cal Macy Project Director Pete Sparks Project Coordinator

Natural Gas 101 CNG vs LNG what is the difference?. Presented by: Cal Macy Project Director Pete Sparks Project Coordinator. Why study natural gas? None of my friends drive one…. Presented by: Cal Macy -Long Beach City College. ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY CENTER.

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Presented by: Cal Macy Project Director Pete Sparks Project Coordinator

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  1. Natural Gas 101 CNG vs LNG what is the difference? Presented by: Cal Macy Project DirectorPete Sparks Project Coordinator

  2. Why study natural gas?None of my friends drive one…. • Presented by: • Cal Macy -Long Beach City College ADVANCED TRANSPORTATIONTECHNOLOGY CENTER

  3. Green Port Program • Ports of LB and LA are going green ATTE has been teaching “green” before it was a term

  4. What will be the propulsion for the new Millennium?? NGV Fuel Cell Heavy-Duty Cng/Lng CNG Hybrid Motor NGV Natural Gas Vehicle NGV Natural Gas Vehicle Direct Injection FCEV Fuel Cell EV Gaseous/ alcohol based fuels Common Rail Direct Injection Series/ parallel Hybrid Lean Burn EV Electric Vehicles Emerging Alternative Energies Hybrid Cars Diesel Engines Gasoline Engines • Natural gas is today’s key to a healthier tomorrow

  5. What will be the propulsion for the new Millennium?? Range and Reliability are the two biggest challenges for Alternative Fuels Cost of fuel and availability are the operator’s concerns

  6. Where can I get CNG/LNG for my car or truck? Clean Energy announced plans to install LNG/CNG fueling stations across the nation at existing Pilot/Flying J Truck Stops in 33 states Phase 1 150 new stations 70 in 2012 80 in 2013 $2.79/DGE LB 1/25/2012 • Natural gas is today’s key to a healthier tomorrow

  7. Where can I get my car or truck serviced? We can train the next generation of fleet technicians The ATTE Centers have trained over 5000 fleet technicians from all over the US, Canada, and Mexico

  8. ADVANCED TRANSPORTATIONTECHNOLOGY CENTERS ALTERNATIVEFUELSTRAINING PROGRAMS

  9. ADVANCED TRANSPORTATIONTECHNOLOGY CENTERS • Long Beach was the first Clean City in California • LBCC provided initial CNG & LNG Training for City fleets • 10 ATT Centers were established in 1993

  10. ADVANCED TRANSPORTATIONTECHNOLOGY CENTERS ATTE is a Consortium of 8 Regional Colleges Statewide Providing Alternative Fuels Training since 1995 ATTE is the Statewide Training Solution We make the complicated Simple!

  11. Computerized Engine Management Cummins John Deere Detroit Caterpillar • We have decades of experience on CEM systems

  12. Electronic Engine Fuel Management Systems DETROIT DIESEL DDEC& GFI SYSTEMS • ATT provided training for the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta

  13. Customized Training Programs: In-Center seminars held in a manufacturer-style classroom environment with an attached lab

  14. Customized Training Programs: OEM trainers for Kenworth & Peterbilt LNG drayage trucks We WROTE the program!!

  15. Live Engine Training on CNG & LNG Demonstrators: • Hands-on Training with Heavy Duty electronics training engines • Cummins ISL G CNG/LNG • Cummins/Westport GX LNG • DDEC IV series 50/60G • John Deere We WROTE the programs!!

  16. Natural Gas Safety • Cylinder Safety Inspection • We stress safety & regulations

  17. Natural Gas Properties • Odorless • Odorant (Ethyl Mercaptan) added • Colorless • Lighter than air • Flammability range: 5-15% • Compare with: diesel 1-6%, propane 2.2-9.5%, hydrogen 4.1-74% • High auto-ignition temperature • 900-1170°F • Non-toxic • Displaces oxygen

  18. Natural Gas Vehicle Storage • Compressed Natural Gas: CNG • Up to 3600- 5000 psi • High pressure storage vessel • 200:1 STP storage volume • Liquefied Natural Gas: LNG • Cryogenic temperatures (-250°F) up to 230 psi • Well insulated storage vessel • 600:1 STP storage volume

  19. Compressed Natural Gas Considerations • Fueling infrastructure • Strong • Engine type • SI or dual fuel • Vehicle range • Cylinder quantity and configuration • Fast fill or slow fill

  20. Compressed Natural Gas • High pressure gas cylinders • Flexible sizes and configurations • Light weight (relative to LNG tanks) • Safety • Extreme high pressures • Frequent CNG system inspections

  21. Cylinder Type 1 All steel or aluminum construction 100% pressure is held by the metal Vulnerable to rust and corrosion Type 1 Cascade

  22. Cylinder Type 2 Hoop-wrapped aluminum or steel 55% pressure is held by metal, 45% is held by the wrap Vulnerable to corrosion and wrap damage

  23. Cylinder Type 3 Fully wrapped aluminum 80% pressure is held by the wrap, 20% is held by the metal Vulnerable to cuts and abrasion

  24. Cylinder Type 4 All composite cylinder with a plastic liner 100% pressure is held by composite wrap Liner sealed to metal domes used for valve threads Light weight, vulnerable to impact & cuts

  25. Liquefied Natural Gas Considerations • Fueling infrastructure • In development • Mobile units available • Engine type • HPDI, SI or duel fuel • Vehicle range • LNG tank weight and size • Vehicle utilization should be frequent

  26. Liquefied Natural Gas • Cryogenic storage tank • Somewhat limited configurations and sizes • Safety • Extreme cold temperature • Down to - 250°F • Pressures up to 230 psi • Robust design

  27. Liquefied Natural Gas Tanks • Stainless steel construction • Vacuum insulation • Specialized valves and components • Sizing typically 50- 150 gallons • Two distinct types • Integrated LNG pump and vaporizer • Pressure flow with external vaporizer

  28. Liquefied Natural Gas Tanks • Integrated LNG pump and vaporizer • Utilization of any temperature LNG • Up to 5000 psi CNG output • Electronically regulated • HPDI equipped engines

  29. Liquefied Natural Gas Tanks • Pressure flow with external vaporizer • Requires utilization of “warm” LNG • Up to tank pressure output • < 230 psi • Mechanical regulation • SI or dual fuel equipped engines

  30. Natural Gas Engines • Westport HD15 • CWI ISL G • CWI ISX12 G • Other engines/ options • John Deere • Detroit Diesel • CAP dual fuel

  31. Westport HD15 Engine • 15 liter compression ignition • Direct injection diesel pilot • Up to 475 HP, 1750 lb-ft torque • Active emissions aftertreatment system

  32. CWI ISL G Engine • 8.9 liter spark ignition • Mass air/ gas electronic fuel injection • Up to 320 HP, 1000 lb-ft torque • Passive three way catalyst emissions system

  33. CWI ISX12 G Engine 12 liter spark ignition Mass air/ gas electronic fuel injection Up to 400 HP, 1450 lb-ft torque Passive three way catalyst emissions system

  34. How does Natural Gas work in the Engine?

  35. Operating Pressures and Safety Non-toxic Lighter than air CNG can displace oxygen CNG highly flammable? Must be contained to be dangerous Window of flammability very narrow No open flames in the shop Safest fuel of all other fuels Pressure in system must be respected

  36. Major Components of a Compressed Natural Gas System

  37. Fill Valve and Coalescent Filter • NGV1 Fuel fill device needs to match pressure of cylinder • Must have dust cap installed after filling vehicle • Coalescing filter can be on fill inlet or supply line

  38. One-Way Check Valve • Allows fuel to flow in one direction only • Usually on fill line to prevent leakage in case of drive-away

  39. Fuel Storage Cylinders • 3000 PSI • Type 4 • 3600 PSI • Type 2 • High pressure storage • 4 different types available • Several pressures available • Should all be matching pressure

  40. Cylinder Shut-Off Valve • Isolates cylinder for servicing • Special tool needed to open dead electronic valves • Destroys seals in valve • Caution: pressure may still be present!

  41. Pressure Relief Device (PRD) • Releases in case of excessive heat or pressure • Mounted on cylinder IN DIRECT PRESSURE • One-time failure--- vented to outside of vehicle • Cannot be removed and reused on another cylinder • Special design for type 4—all composite cylinders

  42. Manual Shut-Off Valve(Quarter Turn) • Shuts off fuel to engine compartment • Emergency shut-off accessible from outside

  43. Stainless Steel Fuel Lines • Seamless Stainless Steel Lines • Fittings and lines must be rated to withstand • 3 times their system pressure • Relief loops to prevent vibration failures • Some vehicles use flexible lines with stainless weave

  44. Pressure Regulator(s) • Reduces cylinder pressure to system operating pressure • May have two regulators to drop pressure in stages • Pressure typically 120 psi or less depending upon system

  45. Shut off Valves (Lock-Offs) Prevents fuel flow unless engine RPM is present Controlled by PCM

  46. Fuel Delivery to Engine High pressure direct injection Cummins ISL G Fuel Control Valve Introduces fuel to intake air stream Westport GX injector

  47. Powerplant & Fueling Options Cummins/Westport ISL-G Natural Gas Engine Cummins/Westport ISX12-G Natural Gas Engine Westport GX 15 liter Diesel/Natural Gas Hybrid Engine

  48. Powerplant & Fueling Options ISL-G 8.9L Natural Gas Engine

  49. Powerplant & Fueling Options Cummins/Westport ISL-G Type - 4-cycle, spark-ignited, inline 6-cylinder, turbocharged 8.9 Liter, coil on plug ignition (300v primary) Compressed Natural Gas (CNG – 3600psi) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Dedicated & Optimized for natural gas fuel (105 parameters) Meets EPA and CARB 2010 emission requirements EGR and Catalyst (stoiciometric) Advertised Horsepower 250–320 hp Peak Torque 660–1,000 lb-ft PM’s differ from diesel

  50. Powerplant & Fueling Options ISX12-G 11.9L Natural Gas Engine

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