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CN2668 Routers and Switches

CN2668 Routers and Switches. Kemtis Kunanuraksapong MSIS with Distinction MCTS, MCDST, MCP, A+. Agenda. Chapter 3: TCP/IP Exercise Quiz. Overview of the TCP/IP. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol A protocol suite TCP/IP Model Application Transport (TCP and UDP)

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CN2668 Routers and Switches

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  1. CN2668Routers and Switches Kemtis Kunanuraksapong MSIS with Distinction MCTS, MCDST, MCP, A+

  2. Agenda • Chapter 3: TCP/IP • Exercise • Quiz

  3. Overview of the TCP/IP • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol • A protocol suite • TCP/IP Model • Application • Transport (TCP and UDP) • Internetwork (IP Address) • Network Interface • See Figure 3-1 on Page 55

  4. Application Layer • Includes protocol for e-mail, remote logins, files transfer, web browsing, etc • FTP/TFTP • NFS (Network File System) • SMTP • Telnet • DNS • HTTP

  5. Transport Layer • Performs end-to-end packet delivery, reliability, and flow control • TCP • UDP • Ports • Well known Ports (1 – 1023) • Registered Ports (1024 – 49151) • Dynamic/Private Ports (49152 – 65535)

  6. TCP Three-Way Handshake • See Figure 3-3 on Page 59 • Src Port/DestPort • Seq. Nmber • Ack. Number • Initial sequence numbers (ISN) is required before two computers can communicatate • Host A send SYN to Host B • Host B send ACK to Host A • Host A send ACK to Host B • See Figure 3-4 on Page 60

  7. TCP Sliding Windows • Sliding windows control the flow and efficiency of communication • After three-way handshake is complete • Allows multiple packets to be sent and affirmed with a single ACK packet • Sender control the window’s size

  8. Flow control method • TCP Sliding Windows • Buffering • Store packets in the memory • Congestion avoidance • Slow down the transmission rate request

  9. Internetwork Layer • Handles software (logical) addressing • Four main protocols • IP • ICMP • ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) • Resolves IP address to MAC for source hosts • RARP • Replaced by DHCP

  10. Internetwork Layer (Cont.) • ARP Tables • Maintain in volatile RAM • Contains MAC and IP addresses of other devices on the network • ARP Request • Source host broadcast request when it can’t find the matching in the cache/ ARP Table. (Knows IP but no MAC)

  11. Internetwork Layer (Cont.) • ARP Request Frame • See Figure 3-7 on Page 65 • Actual packets have 28 octets • Destination MAC is FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF • The destination send ARP reply back as unicast • 2 to 10 minute cache life • If used twice in the first 2 minutes, then it is extend to 10 minutes

  12. Internetwork Layer (Cont.) • RARP • Same as ARP, except that it used for diskless machine • A client IP must be stored on a RARP server • RARP Request Frame • See Figure 3-8 on Page 66 • RARP Client • Receives a RARP reply from server and copy IP’s configuration to RAM till it’s reboot or shutdown

  13. Internetwork Layer (Cont.) • Routers and ARP • Router maintain ARP table • Ping Utility • Use ICMP echo request/reply messages • ! means ping success • See Table 3-1 on Page 68 for Ping responses • Standard Ping and Extended Ping • See Figure 3-10 on Page 69

  14. Internetwork Layer (Cont.) • Trace Utility • Uses ICMP echo request/reply messages • Shows the exact path a packet takes from the source to destination

  15. Frame Transmission • The frame are sent to router when the packet is not on their segment • Router remove the MAC address and determine which segment to forward the packet

  16. Dynamic or Static Tables • Static Table • Has to be update manually by Network Admin • Dynamic Table • Update are provided through routing protocols • Distance-vector algorithm • Considers the number of hops between two points • Link state algorithm • Consider network traffic, connection speed, and other factors

  17. Routing Packets • See Figure 3-14 on Page 74 • Host A send packet to Router A • Router 1 analyze the packet then forward to Router 2 • Router strip the Network Interface layer information off the packet. • Check the routing table for destination port • Repack the packet with new MAC (MAC of Router 2) • Router 2 do the same and forward to Router 3 • Router 3 analyze and send it to Host B

  18. Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical • Core Layer • Responsible for switching large amounts of data quickly and efficiently • Distribution Layer • Provides networking services such as NAT, Firewall, QoS • IP addressing is managed at this layer • Access Layer (Desktop Layer) • Workstations / printers / End node • See Figure 3-15 on Page 77

  19. Assignment • Review Questions • 1 – 22 • Case Projects • 1, 2

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