Planning for Community Fire Protection

1. Planning for Community Fire Protection Class #3 Chapters 12, 13, 14, and 15

2. Public Fire Protection and Hazardous Materials • Challenges in dealing with HM have resulted in the promulgation of many laws, regulations and standards. • In the past 25 yrs. 6 major pieces of Federal legislation concerning HM have been enacted.

3. Public Fire Protection and Hazardous Materials • HM Definitions • Hazardous material; any substance or material in any form or quantity that poses an unreasonable risk to safety and health and property when transported in commerce. • Hazardous substance; any substance designated under the Clean Water Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CERCLA as posing a threat to waterways and the environment when released.

4. Public Fire Protection and Hazardous Materials • Extremely hazardous substance; chemicals determined by the EPA to be extremely hazardous to a community during an emergency spill or release as a result of their toxicities and physical/chemical properties. • Hazardous chemicals; any chemical that would be a risk to employees if exposed in the workplace.

5. Public Fire Protection and Hazardous Materials • Hazardous waste; discarded materials regulated by EPA because of public health and safety concerns • Marine pollutant; materials that have an adverse impact on marine environment. • Dangerous goods; an internationally used term basically the same meaning as the U.S. definition.

6. Public Fire Protection and Hazardous Materials • Public HM safety program elements • Prevention, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery • Prevention has 4 sub-elements • Construction and design standards • Inspection and enforcement • Public education • Handling, notification and reporting • Review on pg 208

7. Public Fire Protection and Hazardous Materials • Federal HM Laws • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, (CERCLA); aka “superfund” addresses releases into the environment and cleanup of inactive haz-waste sites. It requires “reportable quantities” spills to be reported to the Nat. Response Ctr.

8. Public Fire Protection and Hazardous Materials • The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA); established a uniform national policy for hazardous and solid waste disposal, four major programs were established under RCRA, solid waste, underground tanks, medical waste, and hazardous waste. • Comprehensive guidelines have been established by the EPA for tracking these materials.

9. Public Fire Protection and Hazardous Materials • The Clean Air Act (CAA); established requirements for airborne emissions and the protection of the environment. • Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA); • has the greatest impact on HM planning and response operations • Review pg 210 & 211 & 212

10. Public Fire Protection and Hazardous Materials • Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); this act makes the EPA the central implementation arm of the federal government • Federal Water Pollution Control Act; mandates EPA and the Coast Guard to regulate HM that threaten waterways

11. Public Fire Protection and Hazardous Materials • HM regulations • Sometimes called “rules” are created by the Feds or state agencies as a method of providing guidelines for compliance with the law enacted by legislation. • Federal Regulations • Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response 29CFR 1910.120 aka HAZWOPER • Review pg 214

12. Public Fire Protection and Hazardous Materials • 1910.120 set levels of competency and training. • Awareness • Operations • Technician • Specialist • Incident Command pg 216

13. Public Fire Protection and Hazardous Materials • 29CFR 1910.12200 Hazard Communication Standard Table 12.1 pg 217 • State Regulations • Three key players; state fire marshal, OSHA (IDOL), state EPA • Voluntary Standards • NFPA has 60 standards relating to HM

14. Managing Hazardous Materials Response • The effective management of HM requires • Prevention, Preparedness, Response, Recovery • Four duties required • Analyze the problem • Plan a response • Implement the planned response • Evaluate and adjust accordingly

15. Managing Hazardous Materials Response • Hazard classes and divisions • 1 explosives • 2 gasses • 3 flammable liquids • 4 flammable solids • 5 oxidizers • 6 poisons • 7 radioactive • 8 corrosives • 9 Miscellaneous HM • ORM Other Regulated Materials

16. Managing Hazardous Materials Response • Analysis of the HM problem • Detection • Initiate command and control • Survey (size-up) • Collect & interpret information • Assess damage to containment system • Predict HM & container behavior • Estimate potential outcomes

17. Managing Hazardous Materials Response • Planning the Response process • Determine objectives • Determine response options • Identify PPE options • Identify appropriate decon options • Select a response option • Develop a safety plan • All these are contingent on resources and funding.

18. Managing Hazardous Materials Response • Developing a Plan of Action • Site description • Entry objectives • Scene organization & coordination • On scene control • Hazard evaluation • PPE • On scene work assignments • Communication procedures • Decon procedures • Health and safety considerations

19. Managing Hazardous Materials Response • Evaluation and adjustment • Personnel • PPE • Control zones • Decon • Action options • Termination • Debriefing, post incident analysis, critique

20. Organizing Special Rescue • First consideration safety because these incidents are unusual (unfamiliar territory) in the hazards and circumstances they present and require a lot of specialized training and equipment. • Good motto to consider • “don’t become a victim”

21. Organizing Special Rescue • NFPA standards • 1670 Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue • Establishes level of operational capability • Doesn’t address individual qualifications • Four disciplines are identified • Structural collapse, Rope rescue, Confined space, Vehicle/machinery rescue, Water rescue, Wilderness search & rescue, and Trench rescue

22. Organizing Special Rescue • 1670 levels of capability • Awareness; recognize and avoid hazard, isolate area and call for help • Operations; able to perform rescue of viable victims • Technician; highest level of technical ability • All within a particular discipline

23. Organizing Special Rescue • NFPA 1006 Standard for Rescue Technical Professional Qualifications • Assures proficiency of individual rescue team members (includes all aspects of technical KSAs such as equipment inspection and maintenance, victim management/treatment, rope rigging etc.)

24. Organizing Special Rescue • Other specialize rescue not addressed in NFPA standards • Urban search and rescue • HM rescue • High rise rescue • Helicopter rescue • Tunnel rescue • Heavy rescue air rail maritime • Large scale disaster rescue

25. Organizing Special Rescue • Community resource planning (CRP) should include; • Equipment, Supplies, Services, Technical support, Contractors, Consultants such as engineering and architects, Others • CRP Agreements are appropriate agreements that clearly define the scope and conditions for the provision of services, equipment and supplies.

26. Organizing Special Rescue • Conceptualization & Planning Process • Ten parameters • 1. what type of specialized team(s) are needed? • 2. what risks present themselves in our jurisdiction? (and close by) • 3. what level of expertise do we currently have?

27. Organizing Special Rescue • 4. how can capability be enhanced? • Short, intermediate, long term • 5. what level of capability can the plan achieve? • 6. how can services best be achieved? • Interdepartmental, locally, and regionally

28. Organizing Special Rescue • 7. level of interest staff & personnel • Interest, Motivation, Dedication • Availability of staffing requirements • Previous levels of training • Experience FD and other • Education background • Time commitment requirements • Personal risk factors dedication dedication

29. Organizing Special Rescue • 8. financial considerations • Short, intermediate and long term • (can funding be sustained?) • 9. what regulations and standards must be complied with? • 10. what is the time commitment for organization, development, and implementation (and sustaining)

30. Building Construction • FD functions relating to construction • Plan review and approval • Performing regular inspections • Pre-fire planning • Acquiring building and general construction knowledge

31. Building Construction • Simplified building principles • Construction is designed to resist gravity and other environmental sources of stress, snow, rain wind etc. • Supporting system has many different elements that transfer loads • Exposure to fire is not normal some designs protect structural elements • Contents usually drive fire severity

32. Building Construction • Gravity and collapse • In evaluating collapse hazards the entire path of the loads carried to the ground must be considered (we look for weak points in that pathway) • When the IC determines that the structure is involved in fire an announcement should be made so all are aware to look for signs of failure

33. Building Construction • FD should have SOPs for evacuation • When and how • Failure on the part of command officers to understand principles of construction and their repercussions can get someone killed

34. Building Construction • Building reaction to fire see pg 267 • Building contents • SFPE warns “A high rate of fire development can create a condition that may tax or overpower traditional fire defenses. Defenses of the past have not been designed to anticipate this hazard.”

35. Building Construction • Types of building construction • Type I to Type V page 268 • Areas of concern in buildings • Alarms and staff training • Pre-fire plan • Auto sprinkler • Water supply

36. Building Construction • Compartmentation • Structural integrity • Flame and smoke spread • Construction in occupied buildings • Lightweight construction • Vacant or abandoned buildings • Added roofs and concealed spaces • Large unusual buildings